Application of Microwave-Assisted Method for Lutein Extraction from Pistachio Waste

Journal of Nuts

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 30 دی 1402   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jon.2023.1995486.1244

نویسندگان

Rama Ahmadi¹؛ Masoud Honarvar^{* 1}؛ Mehrdad Ghavami¹؛ yousef Daali^{2، 3، 4}

¹Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

²Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland

³Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland

⁴Institute of Pharmaceutical Science of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland

چکیده

Lutein is a xanthophyll family of carotenoids, found in flowers, vegetables, and fruits either in esterified or non-esterified fatty acid form. It is mainly administered in pharmacological products, dietary additives, the food industry, and animal feeding industries. This study was conducted on the ‘Fandoghi’ variety from the Markazi province for pistachio hull lutein extraction and quantification. This study aimed to assess the lutein in pistachio hull and optimize its extraction protocol by new extraction methods with emphasis on microwave-assisted method (MAE). The powder from dried pistachio hulls obtained from fresh raw un-hulled pistachios was applied for further analysis. An experimental design based on the central composite design was applied for the extraction using the MAE method and extraction optimization. The lutein contents were quantitatively analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. According to the free form of lutein, Ethyl acetate was applied as an extraction solvent with the MAE method followed by the setting up of the extraction time, temperature, and solvent/sample ratio as variables. Under optimal experimental conditions corresponding to 5 min extraction time at 40°C, and 30 mg ml^-1 of the solvent/sample ratio, the amount of lutein obtained from dried pistachio hull was 3.86 mg 100 g^-1. The MAE method is a green, time-saving, and cost-effective method for lutein extraction from pistachio hull that can be suggested for lutein extraction from other plant materials and it can be applied in industrial scale.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Lutein extraction؛ MAE method؛ Pistachio hull؛ RSM

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