اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات418
تعداد شماره‌ها10,010
تعداد مقالات83,681
تعداد مشاهده مقاله78,913,814
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله55,929,913
Shahgholiyan, Ghazanfar, Moradian, Mohammadreza, Honarvar, Mohammad Amin. (1404). A brief review on the application of droop control methods for voltage source converters in direct current microgrid. نشریه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, 19(2), 1-25. doi: 10.57647/j.mjee.2025.1902.34
Ghazanfar Shahgholiyan; Mohammadreza Moradian; Mohammad Amin Honarvar. "A brief review on the application of droop control methods for voltage source converters in direct current microgrid". نشریه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, 19, 2, 1404, 1-25. doi: 10.57647/j.mjee.2025.1902.34
Shahgholiyan, Ghazanfar, Moradian, Mohammadreza, Honarvar, Mohammad Amin. (1404). 'A brief review on the application of droop control methods for voltage source converters in direct current microgrid', نشریه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, 19(2), pp. 1-25. doi: 10.57647/j.mjee.2025.1902.34
Shahgholiyan, Ghazanfar, Moradian, Mohammadreza, Honarvar, Mohammad Amin. A brief review on the application of droop control methods for voltage source converters in direct current microgrid. نشریه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, 1404; 19(2): 1-25. doi: 10.57647/j.mjee.2025.1902.34

A brief review on the application of droop control methods for voltage source converters in direct current microgrid

Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering
مقاله 11، دوره 19، شماره 2، شهریور 2025، صفحه 1-25    اصل مقاله (1.61 M)
نوع مقاله: Review Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.57647/j.mjee.2025.1902.34
نویسندگان
Ghazanfar Shahgholiyan* 1، 2؛ Mohammadreza Moradian1، 2؛ Mohammad Amin Honarvar1، 2
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
2Smart Microgrid Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
چکیده
The microgrid acts as a single controllable system, and by generating flexible power, it ensures the reliability of the electric grid. The use of microgrid helps to solve environmental pollution problems. The microgrid control operation is different from the grid-connected mode. Based on the nature of bus voltage, microgrids are divided into two categories: DC microgrid and AC microgrid. Several studies have been conducted in the field of microgrid application and exploitation, but their expansion still faces various challenges. DC microgrids are more reliable than ac microgrids. The purpose of this article is to review the documentation and provide a short review on the application of the droop method to control parallel converters in direct current microgrids. Droop control method is a popular and well-known technique for sharing load power, which is widely used in DC microgrids. In this control strategy, the reference voltage of each source is determined based on the nominal output voltage, output current and loss factor, where the power sharing rate
is determined by increasing the loss. The various advantages of direct current microgrids will cause them to be used more in the near future, so this review is for researchers as a preliminary research to study the development of direct current microgrids based on the application of droop control methods. And improving it can be useful.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Droop strategy؛ Microgrid؛ Parallel converters control؛ Renewable energy
مراجع
  1. A.R. Ahmadnejad, R. Sadeghi, B. Fani, "Investigation various types of frequency support methods and inertial control techniques in power systems based on variable speed wind turbines", Technovations of Electrical Engineering in Green Energy System, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 83-111, Sept. 2024, https://doi.org/10.30486/teeges.2023.1992438.1086.
  2. Shahgholian, M. Moazzami, M. Dehghani, "A brief review of the application and control strategies of alternating current microgrids in the power system", Technovations of Electrical Engineering in Green Energy System, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 17-34, Sept. 2025, https://doi.org/10.30486/TEEGES.2025.1121457.
  3. K. Jaiswal, C.R. Chowdhury, D. Yadav, R. Verma, S. Dutta, K.S. Jaiswal, B. Sangmesh, K.S.K. Karuppasamy, "Renewable and sustainable clean energy development and impact on social, economic, and environmental health", Energy Nexus, vol. 7, Article Number: 100118, Sept. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100118.
  4. Vogel, J.K. Steinberger, D.W. O'Neill, W.F. Lamb, Ja. Krishnakumar, "Socio-economic conditions for satisfying human needs at low energy use: An international analysis of social provisioning", Global Environmental Change, vol. 69, Article Number: 102287, July 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102287.
  5. K.G. Deshmukh, M. Sameeroddin, D. Abdul, M.A. Sattar, "Renewable energy in the 21st century: A review", Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 80, pp. 1756-1759, Jan. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.501.
  6. J.B. Kabeyi, O.A. Olanrewaju, "Sustainable energy transition for renewable and low carbon grid electricity generation and supply", Frontiers in Energy Research, vol. 9, Article Number: 743114, March 2022, doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2021.743114.
  7. Fathollahi, B. Andresen, "Adaptive fixed-time control strategy of generator excitation and thyristor-controlled series capacitor in multi-machine energy systems", IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 100316-100327, Jan. 2024, http://dx.d­oi.­org/10.11­09/ACCESS.2024.3430199.
  8. Aghadavoodi, G. Shahgholian, "A new practical feed-forward cascade analyze for close loop identification of combustion control loop system through RANFIS and NARX", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 133, pp. 381-395, March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.075.
  9. Taheri, G. Shahgholian, M.M. Mirtalaei, "Analysis, design and implementation of a high step-up multi-port non-isolated converter with coupled inductor and soft switching for photovoltaic applications", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 16, no. 17, pp. 3473-3497, Sept. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12537.
  10. Sharifiyana, M. Dehghani, G. Shahgholian, S.M.M. Mirtalaei, M. Jabbari, "Non-isolated boost converter with new active snubber structure and energy recovery capability", Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 32, no. 5, Article Number: 2350084, March 2023, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126623500846.
  11. A.A. Mohamed, M. Rashed, X. Lang, J. Atkin, S. Yeoh, S. Bozhko, "Droop control design to minimize losses in DC microgrid for more electric aircraft", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 199, Article Number: 107452, Oct. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107452.
  12. Shahgholiyan, E. Haghjou, S. Abazari, "Improving the mitigation of voltage flicker by usage of fuzzy control in a distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM)", Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 25-35, June 2010, https://doi.org/10.1234/mjee.v3i2.288.
  13. Shahgholian, "An overview of hydroelectric power plant: Operation, modeling, and control", Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 14-28, July 2020, https://doi.org/10.30501/JREE.2020.221567.1087.
  14. Kumar, S.C. Srivastava, S.N. Singh, "Control strategies of a dc microgrid for grid connected and islanded operations", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1588-1601, July 2015, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2394490.
  15. A. Talha, S.A. Chowdhury, M.S.S. Bhuiyan, "Renewable integration and energy management in dc microgrid", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICEEICT, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 634-639, May 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/I­CEEICT­62016.2024.10534358.
  16. Nivolianiti, Y.L. Karnavas, J.F. Charpentier, "Energy management of shipboard microgrids integrating energy storage systems: A review", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 189, Article Number: 114012, Jan. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.114012.
  17. Zhang, Y.W. Li, "Energy management strategy for supercapacitor in droop-controlled dc microgrid using virtual impedance", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 2704-2716, April 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/T­PEL.2016.2571308.
  18. Fathollahi, B. Andresen, "Deep deterministic policy gradient for adaptive power system stabilization and voltage regulation", e-Prime- Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, vol. 9, Article Number: 100675, Sept. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100675.
  19. Jing, C.H. Lai, S.H.W. Wong, M.L.D. Wong, "Battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in standalone dc microgrids: A review", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 461-469, March 2017, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0500.
  20. Jung, M. Villaran,"Optimal planning and design of hybrid renewable energ­y systemsfor microgrids", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 75, pp. 180-191, Aug. 2017.
  21. T.L. Gayatri, A.M. Parimi, A.V.P. Kumar, "A review of reactive power compensation techniques in microgrids", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 81, pp. 1030-1036, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.20­17.08.006.
  22. B. Siddique, M.S. Munsi, S.K. Sarker, S.K. Das, M.R. Islam, "Voltage and current control augmentation of islanded microgrid using multifunction model reference modified adaptive PID controller", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 113, pp. 492-501, Dec. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.05.065.
  23. M. Isa, C.W. Tan, A.H.M. Yatim, "A comprehensive review of cogeneration system in a microgrid: A perspective from architecture and operating system", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 81, pp. 2236-2263, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.034.
  24. Ahmad, M. Shafiullah, C.B. Ahmed, M. Alowaifeer, "A review of microgrid energy management and control strategies", IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 21729-21757, Feb. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3248511.
  25. Kaur, B. Dwivedi, "Power quality issues and their mitigation techniques in microgrid system- A review", Proceeding of the IEEE/IICPE, pp. 1-4, Patiala, India, Nov. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/IICPE.2016.8079543.
  26. Mei, B. Li, H. Wang, X. Wang, M. Negnevitsky, "Multi-objective optimal scheduling of microgrid with electric vehicles", Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 4512-4524, Nov. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.03.131.
  27. Dixit, P. Singh, J. Ogale, P. Bansal, Y. Sawle, "Energy management in microgrids with renewable energy sources and demand response", Computers and Electrical Engineering, vol. 110, Article Number: 108848, Sept. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2023.108848.
  28. Gutierrez-Rojas, P. H. J. Nardelli, G. Mendes, P. Popovski, "Review of the state of the art on adaptive protection for microgrids based on communications", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1539-1552, March 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2020.3­006845.
  29. A Kiani, B. Fani, G Shahgholian, "A multi-agent solution to multi-thread protection of DG-dominated distribution networks", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 130, Article Number: 106921, Sept. 2021, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106921.
  30. Fayazi, B. Fani, M. Moazzami, "An offline three-level protection coordination scheme for distribution systems considering transient stability of synchronous distributed generation", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 131, Article Number: 107069, Oct. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107069.
  31. Mohanty, A.K. Pradhan, "Protection of smart dc microgrid with ring configuration using parameter estimation approach", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 6328-6337, Nov. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/T­SG.2­017­.2708743.
  32. Zhang, N. Tai, W. Huang, J. Liu, Y. Wang, "A review on protection of dc microgrids", Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1113-1127, November 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40565-018-0381-9.
  33. Mohammed, L. Callegaro, M. Ciobotaru, J.M. Guerrero, "Accurate power sharing for islandeded dc microgrids considering mismatched feeder resistances", Applied Energy, vol. 340, Article Number: 121060, June 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121060.
  34. A. Mesbah, K. Sayed, A. Ahmed, M. Aref, Z.M.S. Elbarbary, A.S. Almuflih, M.A. Mossa, "Adaptive control approach for accurate current sharing and voltage regulation in dc microgrid applications", Energies.vol. 17, no. 2, Article Number: 284, Jan. 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020284.
  35. Azizi, S. Peyghami, H. Mokhtari, F. Blaabjerg, "Autonomous and decentralized load sharing and energy management approach for dc microgrids", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 177, Article Number: 106009, Dec. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.106009.
  36. Shahgholian, E. Haghjoo, A. Seifi, I. Hassanzadeh, “The improvement DSTATCOM to enhance the quality of power using fuzzy-neural controller”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 3-16, Aug. 2011, https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23223871.1390.2.6.1.7.
  37. Wang, F. Liu, Y. Chen, S. H. Low, S. Mei, "Unified distributed control of stand-alone dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1013-1024, Jan. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2757498.
  38. Guo, Q. Xu, C. Wen, L. Wang, P. Wang, "Distributed secondary control for power allocation and voltage restoration in islanded dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1857-1869, Oct. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2018.2816944.
  39. Liao, Y. Liu, C. Guo, N. Zhou, Q. Wang, W. Kang, J.C. Vasquez, J.M. Guerrero, "Power quality of dc microgrid: Index classification, definition, correlation analysis and cases study", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 156, Article Number: 109782, Feb. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.109782.
  40. Z. Bhayo, Y. Han, K. Bhagat, J. Hussain, A.N. Sanjrani, A. Narejo, "Advanced dynamic power management using model predictive control in DC microgrids with hybrid storage and renewable energy sources", Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 106, Article Number: 114830, Jan. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.114830.
  41. Xing, Z. Shu, J. Fang, C. Wen, C. Zhang, "Distributed control of dc microgrids: A relaxed upper bound for constant power loads", Automatica, vol. 173, Article Number: 112021, March 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016­/j.automatica.2024.112021.
  42. Locment, M. Sechilariu, "Modeling and simulation of dc microgrids for electric vehicle charging stations", Energies, vol. 8, pp. 4335-4356, May 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/e­n8­054­335.
  43. Rashad, M. Ashraf, A. I. Bhatti, D. MustafaMinhas, "Mathematical modeling and stability analysis of dc microgrid using SM hysteresis controller", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 95, pp. 507-522, Feb. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.09.001.
  44. Perez, A. Iovine, G. Damm, L. Galai-Dol, P.F. Ribeiro, "Stability analysis of a dc microgrid for a smart railway station integrating renewable sources", IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1802-1816, Sept. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2019.2924615.
  45. Ahmed, I. Hussain, M. Seyedmahmoudian, A. Stojcevski, S. Mekhilef, "Voltage stability and power sharing control of distributed generation units in dc microgrids", Energies, vol. 16, Artiucle Number: 7038, Oct. 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/e­n16207038.
  46. H. Pham, I. Prodan, D. Genon-Catalot, L. Lefèvre, "Economic constrained optimization for power balancing in a dc microgrid: A multi-source elevator system application", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 118, pp. 1-15, Article 105753, June 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105753.
  47. Zhao, F. Dörfler, "Distributed control and optimization in dc microgrids", Automatica, vol. 61, pp. 18-26, Nov. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2015.07.015.
  48. Harasis, "Controllable transient power sharing of inverter-based droop controlled microgrid", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 155, Article Number: 109565, Jan. 2024, https://doi.org/10.10­16/j.ijepes.2023.109565.
  49. Abhishek, A. Ranjan, S. Devassy, B. Kumar Verma, S.K. Ram, A.K. Dhakar, "Review of hierarchical control strategies for dc microgrid", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1631-1640, 27 7 2020, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.1136.
  50. N. Papadimitriou, E.I. Zountouridou, N.D. Hatziarg­yriou, "Review of hierarchical control in dc microgrids", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 122, pp. 159-167, March 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2015.01.006.
  51. Lu, L. Wang, P. Wang, "Review of voltage control strategies for dc microgrids", Energies, vol. 16, no. 17, Article Number: 6158, Aug. 2023, https://doi.org/10.33­90/e­n16176158.
  52. Bayati, A. Hajizadeh, M. Soltani, "Protection in dc microgrids: A comparative review", IET Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 66-75, Oct. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-stg.2018.0035.
  53. Chandra, G. K. Singh, V. Pant, "Protection techniques for dc microgrid- A review", Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 187, Article Number: 106439, Oct. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106439.
  54. Ferahtia, A. Houari, T. Cioara, M. Bouznit, H. Rezk, A. Djerioui, "Recent advances on energy management and control of direct current microgrid for smart cities and industry: A Survey", Applied Energy, vol. 368, Article Number: 123501, Aug. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123501.
  55. Ali, Z. Zheng, M. Aillerie, J.P. Sawicki, M.C. Péra, D. Hissel, "A review of dc microgrid energy management systems dedicated to residential applications", Energies, vol. 14, no. 14, Article Number: 4308, July 2021, https://doi.org/10.339­0/en14144308.
  56. S. Alam, M.A. Hossain, M. Shafiullah, A. Islam, M.S.H. Choudhury, M.O. Faruque, M.A. Abido, "Renewable energy integration with dc microgrids: Challenges and opportunities", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 234, Article Number: 110548, Sept. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110548.
  57. Kianpour, G. Shahgholian, "A floating-output interleaved boost DC–DC converter with high step-up gain", Automatika, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 18-26, April 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2017.1305605.
  58. Shahgholian, S.M.A. Zanjani, "A study of voltage sag in distribution system and evaluation of the effect of wind farm equipped with doubly-fed induction generator", Revue Roumaine des Sciences Techniques, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 271-276, Dec. 2023, https://doi.org/10.59277/RRST-EE.2023.3.4.
  59. Moradi-Khaligh, S. Karimi, M.S. Sadabadi, "Robust LMI-based voltage control strategy for DC microgrids under disturbances and constant power load uncertainties", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 241, Article Number: 111333, April 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111333.
  60. E.A. Mansour, H. Alafnan, M. Numair, A. Albaker, D.M. Yehia, T.F. Megahed, R. Ramadan, "Development of a novel multifunctional superconducting device for performance enhancement of dc microgrids", Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 106, Article Number: 114723, Jan. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.114723.
  61. M. Aboelezz, M.I. El-Afifi, B.E. Sedhom, A.A. Eladl, P. Sanjeevikumar, A.N. Sheta, "Advanced centralized protection system for AC microgrids using TW-DWT techniques", Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 25, Article Number: 100852, Jan. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100852.
  62. Cai, B. Gao, X. Nan, "Resilient distributed secondary control for islanded ac microgrids under FDI attacks", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 238, Article Number: 111123, Jan. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111123.
  63. P. Lakshmi, L. Premalatha, "Optimal power distribution in DC/AC microgrids with electric vehicles using flow direction algorithm tuned CNN", Energy Reports, vol. 13, pp. 196-216, June 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.11.082.
  64. Yang, Y. Yan, J. Cao, S. Lin, D. Li, Y. Shen, "Distributed economic operation control in low-voltage resistive hybrid AC/DC microgrid clusters with interlinking converters", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 238, Article Number: 110971, Jan. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110971.
  65. Keyvani, B. Fani, H. Karimi, M. Moazzami, "Improved droop control method for reactive power sharing in autonomous microgrids", Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1-9, Sept. 2022, https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2021.298138.1235.
  66. Karimi, B. Fani, G. Shahgholian, "A multi agent-based strategy protecting the loop-based micro-grid via intelligent electronic device-assisted relays", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 14, no. 19, pp. 4132 – 4141, Dec. 2020, https://doi.org/ 10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.1233.
  67. Hazhir, "Hierarchical control of inverter-based microgrid with droop approach and proportional-integral controller", Next Energy, vol. 6, Article Number: 100200, Jan. 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100200.
  68. S. Al-Ismail, "DC microgrid planning, operation, and control: A comprehensive review", IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 36154-36172, March 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3062840.
  69. Fayazi, M. Moazzami, B. Fani, "A first swing stability improvement approach in microgrids with synchronous distributed generators", International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 31, no. 4, Article Number: e12816, April 2021, https://doi.org/ 10.1002/2050-7038.12816.
  70. Bisheh, B. Fani, G. Shahgholian, "A novel adaptive protection coordination scheme for radial distribution networks in the presence of distributed generation", International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 31, no. 3, Article Number: e12779, March 2021, https://doi.org/ 10.1002/2050-7038.12779.
  71. Liu, W. Liu, X. Zha, H. Yang, K. Feng, "Solid-state circuit breaker snubber design for transient overvoltage suppression at bus fault interruption in low-voltage dc microgrid", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 3007-3021, April 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2574751.
  72. Zhao, Y.W. Li, H. Tian, X. Wu, "Energy management strategy of multiple supercapacitors in a dc microgrid using adaptive virtual impedance", IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 1174-1185, Dec. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2016.7527044.
  73. Akarne, A. Essadki, T. Nasser, B.E. Bhiri, "Experimental analysis of efficient dual-layer energy management and power control in an ac microgrid system", IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 30577-30592, Feb. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.­2024.3370681.
  74. A. Cárdenas, M. Martínez, M.G. Molina, P.E. Mercado, "Development of control techniques for ac microgrids: A critical assessment", Sustainability, vol. 15, Article: 15195, Oct. 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115195.
  75. G.M. Almihat, "An overview of ac and dc microgrid energy management systems", AIMS Energy, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1031-1069, Nov. 2023, https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023049.
  76. K. John, M. R. Sindhu, T. Nambiar, "Hybrid VSI compensator for ac/dc microgrid", Proceeding of the IEEE/TENSYMP, pp. 738-743, Kolkata, India, June 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/TENSYMP46218.2019.8971222.
  77. Tajjour, S.S. Chandel, "A comprehensive review on sustainable energy management systems for optimal operation of future-generation of solar microgrids", Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 58, Article Number: 103377, Aug. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103377.
  78. L. Bhattar, M.A. Chaudhari, "Centralized energy management scheme for grid connected dc microgrid", IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 3741-3751, Sept. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2022.3231898.
  79. B. Ndeke, M. Adonis, A. Almaktoof, "Energy management strategy for dc micro-grid system with the important penetration of renewable energy", Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 6, Article Number: 2659, Marcg 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062659.
  80. Khajeh-Shalaly, G. Shahgholian, "A multi-slope sliding-mode control approach for single-phase inverters under different loads", Electronics, vol. 5, no. 4, Oct. 2016, https://doi.org/ .org/10.33‌90/electronics5040068.
  81. Keyvani, B. Fani, G. Shahgholian, M. Hashemi, "Analysis and simulation of island mode operation in inverter-based microgrids with voltage droop controllers", Journal of Simulation and Analysis of Novel Technologies in Mechanical Engineering, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 17-26, Dec. 2023, https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/jsme/Article/1092081.
  82. Morstyn, A. V. Savkin, B. Hredzak, V. G. Agelidis, "Multi-agent sliding mode control for state of charge balancing between battery energy storage systems distributed in a dc microgrid", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 4735-4743, Sept. 2018. https://doi.org/10­.110­9/TS­G.20­17.266­8767.
  83. Matayoshi, M. Kinjo, S.S. Rangarajan, G. G. Ramanathan, A.M. Hemeida, T. Senjyu, "Islanding operation scheme for dc microgrid utilizing pseudo droop control of photovoltaic system", Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 55, pp. 95-104, April 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2020.01.004.
  84. J. Ma, J. Wang, X. Lu, V. Gupta, "Optimal operation mode selection for a dc microgrid", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 2624-2632, Nov. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2516566.
  85. Shahgholian, "A brief overview of microgrid performance improvements using distributed FACTS devices", Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 43-58, Jan. 2023, https://doi.org/10.30501/j­ree.2022.3­21435.1305.
  86. Hatahet, M.I. Marei, M. Mokhtar, "Adaptive controll­ers for grid-connected dc microgrids", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 130, Article Number: 106917, Sept. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ije­pes.2021.106917.
  87. Han, G. Zhang, Q. Li, Z. You, W. Chen, H. Liu, "Hierarchical energy management for PV/hydrogen/battery island DC microgrid", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 5507-5516, Feb. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.135.
  88. Huang, D. Yue, S. Deng, J. Xie, "Optimal scheduling of microgrid with multiple distributed resources using interval optimization", Energies, vol. 10, no. 3, Article Number: 339, March 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/en10030339.
  89. Eberlein, K. Rudion, "Small-signal stability modelling, sensitivity analysis and optimization of droop controlled inverters in LV microgrids", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 125, Article Number: 106404, Feb. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ije­pes.20­20.106404.
  90. J. Justo, F. Mwasilu, J. Lee, J.W. Jung, "Ac-microgrids versus dc-micr­ogrids with distributed energy resources: A review", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 387-405, Aug. 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.067.
  91. A. Ramirez-Marin, A. Garcés-Ruiz, A.F. Cortés-Borray, A. Perez-Basante, J.E. Rodríguez-Seco, "Model-predictive control with admittance matrix estimation for the optimal power sharing in isolated DC microgrids", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 241, Article Number: 111380, April 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111380.
  92. Shahgholian, M.R. Moradian, A. Fathollahi, "Droop control strategy in inverter-based microgrids: A brief review on analysis and application in islanded mode of operation", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 19, no. 1, Article Number: e13186, Jan./Dec.2025, https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.13186.
  93. B. Siad, A. Malkawi, G. Damm, L. Lopes, L.G. Dol, "Nonlinear control of a dc microgrid for the integration of distributed generation based on different time scales", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 111, pp. 93-100, Oct. 2019, https://doi.org/1­0.101­­6/j.ijepes.2019.03.073.
  94. K. Sahoo, A.K. Sinha, N.K. Kishore, "Control techniques in ac, dc, and hybrid ac–dc microgrid: A review", IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 738-759, June 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2017.2786588.
  95. Shen, Q. Cheng, Y. Cheng, L. Wei, Y. Wang, "Hierarchical control of dc micro-grid for photovoltaic EV charging station based on flywheel and battery energy storage system", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 179, Article Number: 106079, Feb. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.106079.
  96. Shahgholian, A. Fathollahi, "Analyzing small-signal stability in a multi-source single-area power system with a load-frequency controller coordinated with a photovoltaic system", AppliedMath, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 452-467, April 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedmath4020024.
  97. Gunawardane, N. Padmawansa, H. Jayasinghe, "A review: Compatibility of fuel cells as promising technology for DC-microgrids", Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability, vol. 9, Article Number: 7, March 2024, https://doi.org/10.1051/rees/2024001.
  98. Vasantharaj, V. Indragandhi, V. Subramaniyaswamy, Y. Teekaraman, R. Kuppusamy, S. Nikolovski, "Efficient control of dc microgrid with hybrid PV-Fuel cell and energy storage systems", Energies, vol. 14, no. 11, Article Number: 3234, June 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113234.
  99. Shahgholian, N. Izadpanahi, "Improving the perfor­m­a­n­ce of wind turbine equipped with DFIG using STATCOM based on input-output feedback linearization controller", Energy Equipment and Systems, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 65-79, June 2016, https://doi.org/10.22059/EES.2016.20128.
  100. Hosseini, G. Shahgholian, "Different types of pitch angle control strategies used in wind turbine system applications", Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 20-35, Feb. 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.30501/jree.201­7.70103.
  101. Morstyn, B. Hredzak, G.D. Demetriades, V. G. Agelidis, "Unified distributed control for dc microgrid operating modes", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 802-812, Jan. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/T­PWR­S.2015.2406871.
  102. Feng, A. Shekhar, F. Yang, R. E. Hebner, P. Bauer, "Comparison of hierarchical control and distributed control for microgrid", Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 1043-1056, July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2017.1318982.
  103. Planas, A. Gil-de-Muro, J. Andreu, I. Kortabarria, I.M. Alegría, "General aspects, hierarchical controls and droop methods in microgrids: A review", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 17, pp. 147-159, Jan. 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.032.
  104. Liu, Y. Suo, X. Song, J. Zhou, Y. Qu, "Large-signal stabilization method for islanded dc microgrids considering battery and supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems", Electronics, vol. 11, no. 18, Article Number: 2823, Sept. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182823.
  105. A. Hossain, H. R. Pota, M. J. Hossain, F. Blaabjerg, "Evolution of microgrids with converter-interfaced generations: Challenges and opportunities", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 109, pp. 160-186, July 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.01.038.
  106. A. Basantes, D.E. Paredes, J.R. Llanos, D.E. Ortiz, C.D. Burgos, "Energy management system (EMS) based on model predictive control (MPC) for an isolated dc microgrid", Energies, vol. 16, no. 6, Article Number: 2912, March 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062912.
  107. Choudhury, P. Bhowmik, P. K. Rout, "Economic load sharing in a D-STATCOM integrated islandeded microgrid based on fuzzy logic and seeker optimization approach", Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 37, pp. 57-69, Feb. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.11.004.
  108. S. Rangarajan, R. Raman, A. Singh, C.K. Shiva, R. Kumar, P.K. Sadhu, E.R. Collins, T. Senjyu, "DC microgrids: A propitious smart grid paradigm for smart cities", Smart Cities, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1690-1718, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040079.
  109. Shen, H. Wang, J. Li, Q. Su, L. Gao, "Distributed secondary voltage control of islandeded microgrids based on RBF-neural-network sliding-mode technique", IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 65616-65623, May 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019­.2915509.
  110. J. Aladesanmi, K.A. Ogudo, "Microgrids overview and performance evaluation on low-voltage distribution network", Clean Energy and Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 1, Article Number: 10008, Jan. 2024, https://doi.org/10.35534/ces.2023.10008.
  111. Sabri, N.E. Kamoun, F. Lakrami, "A survey: Centralized, decentralized, and distributed control scheme in smart grid systems", Proceeding of the IEEE/CMT, pp. 1-11, Fez, Morocco, Oct. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/CMT.2019.8931370.
  112. Khushoo, A. Sharma, G. Kaur, "DC microgrid- A short review on control strategies", Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 362-369, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.409.
  113. Kumar, F. Zare, A. Ghosh, "Dc microgrid technology: System architectures, ac grid interfaces, grounding schemes, power quality, communication networks, applications, and standardizations aspects", IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 12230-12256, April 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2705914.
  114. A. Memon, K.H. Ali, A.A. Memon, J.A. Ansari, J. Badar, M. Alharbi, A.Z. Banatwala, M. Kumar, "Comparative analysis and implementation of dc microgrid systems versus ac microgrid performance", Frontiers in Energy Research, vol. 12, Article Number: 1370547, May 2024, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1370547.
  115. Wan, S. Zheng, C. Shi, "A rapid diagnosis technology of short circuit fault in dc microgrid", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 147, Article Number: 108878, May 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108878.
  116. Uddin, H. Mo, D. Dong, S. Elsawah, J. Zhu, J.M. Guerrero, "Microgrids: A review, outstanding issues and future trends", Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 49, Article Number: 101127, Sept. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101127.
  117. Y. Farag, T. Younis, D. Biadene, P. Mattavelli, "Ac grid–dc microgrid coupling with high-performance three-phase single-stage bidirectional converters", Energies, vol. 16, no. 17, Article Number: 6106, Aug. 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176106.
  118. M. Hamanah, M.I. Hossain, M. Shafiullah, M.A. Abido, "Ac microgrid protection schemes: A comprehensive review", IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 76842-76868, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3298306.
  119. Samanta, J.P. Mishra, B.K. Roy, "Ac load bus frequency control of a dc microgrid based on dc voltage regulation using inertia emulation and economic power management", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 13, no. 22, pp. 5117-5128, Nov. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0187.
  120. I. Abdelwanis, M.I., Elmezain, "A comprehensive review of hybrid ac/dc networks: insights into system planning, energy management, control, and protection", Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 36, pp. 17961–17977, Oct. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10264-5.
  121. Jithin, P. P. Haridev, N. Mayadevi, R.P. Harikumar, V.P. Mini, "A review on challenges in dc microgrid planning and implementation", Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1375-1395, Sept. 2023, https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2022.000053.
  122. Alasali, S.M. Saad, A.S. Saidi, A. Itradat, W. Holderbaum, N. El-Naily, F.F. Elkuwafi, "Powering up microgrids: A comprehensive review of innovative and intelligent protection approaches for enhanced reliability", Energy Reports, vol. 10, pp. 1899-1924, Nov. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.08.068.
  123. Wu, J. Wang, X. Lu, Y. Du, "AC/DC hybrid distribution network reconfiguration with microgrid formation using multi-agent soft actor-critic", Applied Energy, vol. 307, Article Number: 118189, Feb. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118189.
  124. Thakar, A.S. Vijay, S. Doolla, "System reconfiguration in microgrids", Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 17, Article Number: 100191, March 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2019.100191.
  125. Yu, S. Niu, Y. Zhang, L. Jian, "An integrated and reconfigurable hybrid AC/DC microgrid architecture with autonomous power flow control for nearly/net zero energy buildings", Applied Energy, vol. 263, Article Number: 114610, April 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114610.
  126. S. Alam, F.S. Al-Ismail, S.M. Rahman, M. Shafiullah, M.A. Hossain, "Planning and protection of DC microgrid: A critical review on recent developments", Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 41, Article Number: 101404, May 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2023.101404.
  127. Shahgholian, A. Rajabi, B. Karimi, "Analysis and design of PSS for multi-machine power system based on sliding mode control theory", International Review of Electrical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 2241-2250, Sept. 2010.
  128. Hosseini, E. Aghadavoodi, G. Shahgholian, H. Mahdavi-Nasab, "Intelligent pitch angle control based on gain-scheduled recurrent ANFIS", Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 36-45, 2019, https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2019.95920.
  129. Saleh, Y. Esa, A. A. Mohamed, "Communication-based control for dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 2180-2195, March 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2018.2791361.
  130. H. Jian, Z.Y. He, J. Jia, Y. Xie, "A review of control strategies for dc micro-grid", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICICIP, pp. 666-671, June 2013, Beijing, China, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICIP.2013.6568157.
  131. J. Albarakati, Y. Boujoudar, M. Azeroual, L. Eliysaouy, H. Kotb, A. Aljarbouh, H.K. Alkahtani, S.M. Mostafa, A. Tassaddiq, A. Pupkov, "Microgrid energy management and monitoring systems: A comprehensive review", Frontiers in Energy Research, vol. 10, Article Number: 1097858, Dec. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1097858.
  132. M. Malik, X. Ai, Y. Sun, C. Zhengqi, Z. Shupeng, "Voltage and frequency control strategies of hybrid ac/dc microgrid: A review", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 303-313, Jan. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0791.
  133. S. Mahmoud, S.A. Hussain, M.A. Abido, "Modeling and control of microgrid: An overview", Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 351, no. 5, pp. 2822-2859, May 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2014.01.016.
  134. Rasheduzzaman, J.A. Mueller, J.W. Kimball, "An accurate small-signal model of inverter- dominated islanded microgrids using dq reference frame", IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1070-1080, Dec. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2338131.
  135. Dashtdar, A. Flah, S.M.S. Hosseinimoghadam, C.R. Reddy, H. Kotb, K.M. AboRas, E.C. Bortoni, "Improving the power quality of island microgrid with voltage and frequency control based on a hybrid genetic algorithm and PSO", IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 105352-105365, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3201819.
  136. Karimi, M. Nayeripour, A.R. Abbasi, "Coordination in islanded microgrids: Integration of distributed generation, energy storage system, and load shedding using a new decentralized control architecture", Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 98, Article Number: 113199, Sept. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.113199.
  137. B. Keyvani-Boroujeni, G. Shahgholian, B. Fani, "A distributed secondary control approach for inverter-dominated microgrids with application to avoiding bifurcation-triggered instabilities", IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 3361-3371, Dec. 2020, https://doi.org/110­9/JE­STPE.2020.2974756. 
  138. Hosseini, G. Shahgholian, "Partial- or full-power production in WECS: A survey of control and structural strategies", European Power Electronics and Drives, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 125-142, Dec. 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/­09398368.2­017.1413161.
  139. Gil-González, O. DaniloMontoya, A. Garces, "Modeling and control of a small hydro-power plant for a dc microgrid", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 180,  Article Number: 106104, pp. 1-6, March 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.106104.
  140. Jin, Y. Shen, Q. Zhou, "A systematic review of robust control strategies in dc microgrids", The Electricity Journal, vol. 35, no. 5, Article Number: 107125, June 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2022.107125.
  141. E. Mhankale, A. R. Thorat, "Droop control strategies of dc microgrid: A review", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICCTCT, pp. 372-376, Coimbatore, India, March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCTCT.2018.8550854.
  142. Zhang, C. Dou, D. Yue, Z. Zhang, T. Zhang,"Hierarchicalcontrol strategy for networked dc microgrid based on adaptive dynamic program and event-triggered coansensus algorithm considering economy and actuator fault", Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 357, no. 13, pp. 8631-8656, Sept. 2020.
  143. Karimi, G. Shahgholian, B. Fani, I. Sadeghkhani, M. Moazzami, "A protection strategy for inverter interfaced islanded microgrids with looped configuration", Electrical Engineering, Vol. 101, No. 3, pp. 1059-1073, Sept. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-019-00841-6.
  144. G Shahgholian, A Movahedi, "Coordinated control of TCSC and SVC for system stability enhancement using ANFIS method", International Review on Modelling and Simulations, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 2367-2375, Oct. 2011.
  145. Shuaia, J. Fanga, F. Ninga, Z. J. Shenb, "Hierarchical structure and bus voltage control of dc microgrid", Rene­wable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp. 3670-3682, Feb. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.096.
  146. Badar, I. Ahmad, S. Rehman, S. Nazir, A. Waqas, "Hierarchical control of hybrid direct current microgrid with variable structure based sliding mode control and fuzzy energy management system", Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 359, no. 13, pp. 6856-6892, Sept. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2022.06.044.
  147. Jain, D. Saxena, "Comprehensive review on control schemes and stability investigation of hybrid ac-dc microgrid", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 218, Article Number: 109182, May 2023, https://doi.org/10.101­6/j.ep­sr.20­23.109182.
  148. Han, X. Hou, J. Yang, J. Wu, M. Su, J. M. Guerrero, "Review of power sharing control strategies for islanding operation of ac microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 200-215, Jan. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/TS­G.2015.2434849.
  149. Beus, F. Banis, H. Pandžić, N.K. Poulsen, "Three-level hierarchical microgrid control-model development and laboratory implementation", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 189, Article Number: 106758, Dec. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106758.
  150. Li, B. Zhao, Z. Wu, X. Zhang, L. Zhang, "An improved droop control strategy for low-voltage microgrids based on distributed secondary power optimization control", Energies, vol. 10, no. 9, Article Number: 1347, Sept. 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/en10091347.
  151. Li, M. Dong, X. Chen, F. Yi, G. Chen, D. Song, J. Yang, "A hierarchical control scheme with bi-level communication networks for the interconnected dc microgrids cluster", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 142, Article Number: 108342, Nov. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108342.
  152. Li, A. Oshnoei, F. Blaabjerg, A. Anvari-Moghaddam, "Hierarchical control for microgrids: A survey on classical and machine learning-based methods", Sustainability, vol. 15, Article Number: 8952, June 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118952.
  153. Han, X. Ning, P. Yang, L. Xu, "Review of power sharing, voltage restoration and stabilization techniques in hierarchical controlled dc microgrids", IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 149202-149223, Oct. 2019, https://doi.org/10.11­09/A­CCES­­S.20­19.2­946706.
  154. L.S. Nagasri, R. Marimuthu, "Review on advanced control techniques for microgrids", Energy Reports, vol. 10, pp. 3054-3072, Nov. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.09.162.
  155. E. Eyimaya, N. Altin, "Review of energy management systems in microgrids", Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 3, Article Number: 1249, Feb. 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031249.
  156. Liu, H. Miao, J. Li, L. Yang, "Voltage control and power sharing in dc microgrids based on voltage-shifting and droop slope-adjusting strategy", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 214, Article Number: 108814, Jan. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108814.
  157. K. Onaolapo, G. Sharma, P.N. Bokoro, A. Aluko, G. Pau, "A distributed control scheme for cyber-physical dc microgrid systems", Energies, vol. 16, no. 15, Article Number: 5611, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.3­390/e­n161­556­11.
  158. Wang, C. Jin, P. Wang, "A uniform control strategy for the interlinking converter in hierarchical controlled hybrid AC/DC microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 6188-6197, Aug. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2784349.
  159. Gu, H. Yang, W. Sun, Y. Chi, W. Li, X. He, "Hierarchical control of dc microgrids robustness and smartness", CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 384-393, June 2020, https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2017.00920.
  160. Kumar, A. Agarwal, V. Aga­r­wal, "A review on overall controlof dc mi­c­r­ogrids", Journal of Energy Sto­rage, Vol. 21, pp. 113-138, Feb. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.11.013.
  161. Modu, M.P. Abdullah, M.A. Sanusi, M.F. Hamza, "DC-based microgrid: Topologies, control schemes, and implementations", Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 70, pp. 61-92, May 2023, https://doi.org/10­.1016­/j.a­ej.20­23.0­2.021.
  162. E.S.N. Raju, T. Jain, "Development and validation of a generalized modeling approach for islandeded inverter-based microgrids with static and dynamic loads", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 108, pp. 177-190, June 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.­2019.0­1.002.
  163. Singh, S.M. Amrr, M.S.J. Asghar, "Supervisory control strategy for the effective solar energy utilization in a residential microgrid system using a cost-effective controller", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 132, Article Number: 107170, Nov. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107170.
  164. Lian, C. Wen, F. Guo, P. Lin, Q. Wu, "Decentralized secondary control for frequency restoration and power allocation in islandeded ac microgrids", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 148, Article Number: 108927, June 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108927.
  165. Shahgholian, "A brief review of the performance and control of direct current microgrids in power systems", Energy Engineering and Management, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 2-29, July 2024, https://doi.org/10.22052/eem.2024.254389.1051.
  166. Wang, B. Chen, J. Wang, J. kim, "Decentralized energy management system for networked microgrids in grid-connected and islanded modes", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid,  vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1097-1105, March 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.201­5.2427371.
  167. Doostizadeh, H. Jalili, A. Babaei, "A decentralized framework to improve resilience in microgrids based on peer to peer transactions, considering independence and privacy", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 15, no. 57, pp. 31-50, June 2024, https://dorl.net/dor­/20.1001.1.2322­3871.14­03.15.­57.3.2.
  168. Lee, J.W. Kang, B.Y. Choi, K.M. Kang, M.N. Kim, C.G. An, J. Yi, C.Y. Won, "Energy management system of dc microgrid in grid-connected and stand-alone modes: Control, operation and experimental validation", Energies, vol. 14, no. 3, Article Number: 581, Jan. 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030581.
  169. Zandi, B. Fani, A. Golsorkhi, "A visually driven nonlinear droop control for inverter-dominated islandeded microgrids", Electrical Engineering, vol. 102, pp. 1207–1222, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-00942-7.
  170. V. Vu, S. Paran, F. Diaz-Franco, T. El-Mezyani, C.S. Edrington, "An alternative distributed control architecture for improvement in the transient response of dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 574-584, Jan. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2607681.
  171. Mehdi, C. Kim, M. Saad, "Robust centralized control for dc islandeded microgrid considering communication netw­ork delay", IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 77765-77778, April 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109­/ACCESS­.2­020.29­897­77.
  172. Hasan, Z. Mifta, N.A. Salsabil, S.J. Papiya, M. Hossain, P. Roy, N.U.R. Chowdhury, O. Farrok, "A critical review on control mechanisms, supporting measures, and monitoring systems of microgrids considering large scale integration of renewable energy sources", Energy Reports, vol. 10, pp. 4582-4603, Nov. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.11.025.
  173. Zuo, L. Wu, "A review of decentralized and distributed control approaches for islanded microgrids: Novel designs, current trends, and emerging challenges", The Electricity Journal, vol. 35, no. 5, Article Number: 107138, June 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2022.107138.
  174. Guo, Y. Feng, X. Li, C. Wang, Y. Li, "Stability analysis of a dc microgrid with master-slave control structure", Proceeding of the IEEE/ECCE, pp. 5682-5689, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Sept. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.201­4.6954180.
  175. Hu, T. Zhang, S. Du, Y. Zhao, "An overview on analysis and control of micro-grid system", International Journal of Control and Automation, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 65-76, 2015.
  176. Wang, T.L. Nguyen, Y. Xu, Q.T. Tran, R. Caire, "Peer-to-peer control for networked microgrids: Multi-layer and multi-agent architecture design", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 4688-4699, Nov. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2020.3006883.
  177. L. Bukar, B. Modu, M.P. Abdullah, M.F. Hamza, S.Z. Almutairi, "Peer-to-peer energy trading framework for an autonomous DC microgrid using game theoretic approach", Renewable Energy Focus, vol. 51, Article Number: 100636, Oct. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100636.
  178. Werth, A. André, D. Kawamoto, T. Morita, S. Tajima, M. Tokoro, D. Yanagidaira, K. Tanaka, "Peer-to-peer control system for dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 3667-3675, July 2018, https://doi.org/10.11­09/TSG.2016.2638462.
  179. Lai, X. Lu, F. Wang, P. Dehghanian, R. Tang, "Broadcast gossip algorithms for distributed peer-to-peer control in ac microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 2241-2251, May/June 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2019.2898367.
  180. Karami, M. Baharizadeh, M.S. Golsorkhi, M.H. Ershadi, "A coordinated control of hybrid ac/dc microgrids based on master–slave method", Electrical Engineering, vol. 104, pp. 3619–3629, May 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-022-01573-w.
  181. Alfergani, A. Khalil, Z. Rajab, "Networked control of ac microgrid", Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 37, pp. 371–387, Feb. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.11.010.
  182. Hernandez, E. Giraldo, S. Ospina and A. Garces, "Master-slave operation of dc microgrids: An adaptive control approach with estimation", Proceeding of the IEEE/CCAC, pp. 1-6, Medellin, Colombia, Oct. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/C­CAC.2019.8921087.
  183. Guo, C. Wang, L. Guo, J. Cao, "Dynamical charact­eristic of microgrid with peer to peer control", Proceeding of the IEEE/CICED, pp. 1-7, Guangzhou, China, Dec. 2008, https://doi.org/10.1109/CICED.2008.5211780.
  184. Lu, K. Sun, J.M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, L. Huang, "State-of-charge balance using adaptive droop control for distributed energy storage systems in dc microgrid applications", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 2804-2815, June 2014, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2013.2279374.
  185. G. Ndeh, D.K. Ngwashi, L.K. Letting, C.D. Iweh, E. Tanyi, "Power sharing enhancement through a decentralized droop-based control strategy in an islandeded microgrid", e-Prime- Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, vol. 7, Article Number: 100433, March 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100433.
  186. Haghshenas, S.M.M. Mirtalaei, H. Mordmand, "High step-up boost-flyback converter with soft switching for photovoltaic applications", Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 1-16, Jan. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1142/S­0218126619500142.
  187. Ferahtia, A. Djerioui, H. Rezk, A. Chouder, A. Houari, M. Machmoum, "Adaptive droop based control strategy for dc microgrid including multiple batteries energy storage systems", Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 48, Article Number: 103983, April 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.103983.
  188. Fani, G. Shahgholian, H.H. Alhelou, P. Siano, "Inverter-based islandeded microgrid: A review on technologies and control", e-Prime- Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, vol. 2, Article Number: 100068, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2022.100068.
  189. R. Hossain, H.L. Ginn, "Real-time distributed coordination of power electronic converters in a dc shipboard distribution system", IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 770-778, June 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/­TEC.2017.2685593.
  190. B. Tayab, M.A.B. Roslan, L.J. Hwai, M. Kashif, "A review of droop control techniques for microgrid", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol.76, pp. 717-727, Sept. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.028.
  191. Kraiem, S. Krim, M.F. Mimouni, "Optimization of an adaptive droop control and powers allocation for a distributed generator under loads and grid uncertainties", Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 32, Article Number: 100950, Dec. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2022.100950.
  192. V. Kulkarni, D.N. Gaonkar, "Improved droop control strategy for parallel connected power electronic converter based distributed generation sources in an islandeded microgrid", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 201, Article Number: 107531, Dec. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107531.
  193. M. Shebani, M.T. Iqbal, J.E. Quaicoe, "Comparison between alternative droop control strategy, modified droop method and control algorithm technique for parallel-connected converters", AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–23, jan. 2021, https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021001.
  194. Shadabi, I. Kamwa, "A decentralized non-linear dynamic droop control of a hybrid energy storage system bluefor primary frequency control in integrated AC-MTDC systems", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 136, Article Number: 107630, March 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107630.
  195. Augustine, M.K. Mishra, N. Lakshminarasamma, "Adaptive droop control strategy for load sharing and circulating current minimization in low-voltage standalone dc microgrid", IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 132-141, Jan. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2014.2360628.
  196. N.A. Bakar, M.Y. Hassan, M.F. Sulaima, M.N.M. Nasir, A. Khamis, "Microgrid and load shedding scheme during islanded mode: A review", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 71, pp. 161-169, May 2017, https://doi.org/10.10­16/j.rser.2016.12.049.
  197. Maulik, D. Das, "Stability constrained economic operation of islanded droop-controlled dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 569-578, April 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2018.2837750.
  198. Zhang, W. Zhang, F. Zeng,X. Yang, "A review of control strategies in dc microgrid", Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1087, no. 4, Dec. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1087/4/042035.
  199. Gao, S. Bozhko, A. Costabeber, C. Patel, P. Wheeler, C. I. Hill, G. Asher, "Comparative stability analysis of droop control approaches in voltage-source converter-based dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Power Electro‌nics, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 2395-2415, March 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2567780.
  200. Dadi, K. Meenakshy, S. Damodaran, "A review on secondary control methods in dc microgrid", Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 105-112, Aug. 2023, https://doi.org/10.22098/joa­pe.2022.9157.1636.
  201. Gao, R. Kang, J. Cao, T. Yang, "Primary and secondary control in dc microgrids: A review", Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 227-242, March 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40565-018-04­6­6­-5.
  202. Khaledian, M.A. Golkar, "Analysis of droop control method in an autonomous microgrid", Journal of Applied Research and Technology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 371-377, Aug. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jart.2017.03.004.
  203. Issa, S. Sharkh, M. Abusara, "A review of recent control techniques of drooped inverter-based AC microgrids", Energy Science and Engineering, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1792-1814, April 2024, https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1670.
  204. Ghalebani, M. Niasati, "A distributed control strategy based on droop control and low-bandwidth communication in dc microgrids with increased accuracy of load sharing", Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 40, pp. 155-164, July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.04.011.
  205. Fathollahi, M. Gheisarnejad, B. Andresen, H. Farsizadeh, M.H. Khooban, "Robust artificial intelligence controller for stabilization of full-bridge converters feeding constant power loads", IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 3504-3508, Sept. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2023.3270751.
  206. V. Vu, D. Perkins, F. Diaz, D. Gonsoulin, C.S. Edrington, T. El-Mezyani, "Robust adaptive droop control for dc microgrids", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 146, pp. 95-106, May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.01.021.
  207. Kumar, M.K. Pathak, "Distributed droop control of dc microgrid for improved voltage regulation and current sharing", IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 14, no. 13, pp. 2499-2506, Oct. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0983.
  208. A. Taye, N.B.D. Choudhury, "A dynamic droop control for a dc microgrid to enhance voltage profile and proportional current sharing", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 221, Article Number: 109438, Aug. 2023, https://doi.org/10­.101­6/j.­epsr.2023.109438.
  209. Rosini, A. Labella, A. Bonfiglio, R. Procopio, Josep M. Guerrero, "A review of reactive power sharing control techniques for islanded microgrids", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 141, Article Number: 110745, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.r­ser.202­1.11­0745.
  210. Li, L. Guo, S. Zhang, C. Wang, Y.W. Li, A. Chen, Y. Feng, "Observer-based dc voltage droop and current feed-forward control of a dc microgrid", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 5207-5216, Sept. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2684178.
  211. Ibanez, A. Mahmoud, V. Yaroslav, V. Peric, P. Vorobev, "Improving the power sharing transients in droop-controlled inverters with the introduction of an angle difference limiter", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 153, Article Number: 109371, Nov. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109371.
  212. Yang, D. Paire, F. Gao, A. Miraoui, W. Liu, "Compensation of droop control using common load condition in dc microgrids to improve voltage regulation and load sharing", International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 64, pp. 752-760, Jan. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.07.079.
  213. Perez, G. Damm, C.M. Verrelli, P.F. Ribeiro, "Adaptive virtual inertia control for stable microgrid operation including ancillary services support", IEEE Trans. on Control Systems Technology, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 1552-1564, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.­2023.3234282.
  214. L. Diaz, T. Dragičević, J.C. Vasquez, J.M. Guerrero, "Intelligent distributed generation and storage units for dc microgrids- A new concept on cooperative control without communications beyond droop control", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 2476-2485, Sept. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2014.2341740.
  215. Li, S.K. Chaudhary, M. Savaghebi, J.C. Vasquez, J.M. Guerrero, "Power flow analysis for low-voltage ac and dc microgrids considering droop control and virtual impedance", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 2754-2764, Nov. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2537402.
  216. Wang, T. Li, Z. Cheng, X. Hu, Z. Li, Z. Liu, J. Huang, X. Hou, "A unified droop control of ac microgrids under different line impedances: Revisiting droop control and virtual impedance method", Frontiers in Energy Research, vol. 11, Article Number: 1190833, April 2023, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1190833.
  217. Mestriner, A. Labella, M. Brignone, A. Bonfiglio, R. Procopio, "A transient stability approach for the analysis of droop-controlled islanded microgrids", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 187, Article Number: 106509, Oct. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106509.
  218. Yu, Q. Ai, X. He, L. Piao, "Adaptive droop control for microgrids based on the synergetic control of multi-agent systems", Energies, vol. 9, no. 12, Artiocle Number: 1057, Dec. 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/en9121057.
  219. Rashwan, A. Mikhaylov, T. Senjyu, M. Eslami, A.M. Hemeida, D.S.M. Osheba, "Modified droop control for microgrid power-sharing stability improvement", Sustainability, vol. 15, Article Number: 11220, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.33­90/su151411220.
  220. Villa, F. Belloni, R. Chiumeo, C. Gandolfi, "Conventional and reverse droop control in islandeded microgrid: Simulation and experimental test", Proceeding of the IEEE/SPEEDAM, pp. 288-294, Capri, Italy, June 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/SPE­EDAM.2016.7526020.
  221. Sharma, V.M. Iyer, S. Bhattacharya, "An optimized nonlinear droop control method using load profile for dc microgrids", IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 3-13, Jan. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2022.3208513.
  222. Li, S. Zhuo, Y. Huangfu, X. Wang, S. Song, Z. Gan, "An improved nonlinear droop control method applied to dc microgrid", Proceeding of the IEEE/IAS, pp. 1-6, Nashville, TN, USA, Oct./Nov. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS5402­4.2023.10407011.
  223. Zong, Y. Lyu, C. Wang, "Control strategy of multiple interlinking converters for low-voltage hybrid microgrid based on adaptive droop", Energy Reports, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 721-731, Sept. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.04.177.
  224. Dragičević, J.M. Guerrero, J.C. Vasquez, D. Škrlec, "Supervisory control of an adaptive-droop regulated dc microgrid with battery management capability", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 695-706, Feb. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2257857.
  225. A. Kumar, N.A. Prabha, "A comprehensive review of dc microgrid in market segments and control technique", Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 11, Article Number: e11694, Nov. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11694.
  226. Zhang, H. Zheng, Q. Hu, B. Su, L. Lyu, "An adaptive droop control strategy for islanded microgrid based on improved particle swarm optimization", IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 3579-3593, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2960871.
  227. R. Devaraju, D.B. Prakash, C. Lakshminarayana, "Reverse droop control strategy with virtual resistance for low-voltage microgrid with multiple distributed generation sources", Open Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, Article Number: 20220395, April 2023, https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0395.
  228. Cao, M. Han, X. Meng, W. Xie, Z. W. Khan, J.M. Guerrero, G.D.A. Tinajero, "Reverse droop control-based smooth transfer strategy for interface converters in hybrid ac/dc distribution networks", CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 122-134, Jan. 2023, https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2020.02070.
  229. Jena, N.P. Padhy, "Performance assessment of reverse droop control for multi-DER cooperative DC microgrid", Proceeding of the IEEE/PESGRE, pp. 1-6, Cochin, India, Jan. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGRE45664.2020.9070537.
  230. Mohammadzamani, M. Hashemi, "Adaptive neural control of non-linear fractional order multi-agent systems in the presence of error constraints and input saturation", IET Control Theory and Applications, vol. 16, no. 13, pp. 1283-1298, Sept. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1049/cth2.12291.
  231. Xu, F. Chen, K. Chen, Q. Lu, "Research on adaptive droop control strategy for a solar-storage dc microgrid", Energies,vol. 17, no. 6, Article Number: 1454, March 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061454.
  232. R. Chaudhuri, B. Chaudhuri, "Adaptive droop control for effective power sharing in multi-terminal dc (MTDC) grids", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 21-29, Feb. 2013, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2203390.
  233. Ghanbari, S. Bhattacharya, "Adaptive droop control method for suppressing circulating currents in dc microgrids", IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy, vol. 7, pp. 100-110, Feb. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2020.2974940.
  234. Mokhtar, M.I. Marei, A.A. El-Sattar, "An adaptive droop control scheme for dc microgrids integrating sliding mode voltage and current controlled boost converters", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1685-1693, March 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2776281.
  235. Zhang, X. Qu, M. Tang, R. Yao, W. Chen, "Design of nonlinear droop control in dc microgrid for desired voltage regulation and current sharing accuracy", IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 168-175, March 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/JETCAS.2021.3049810.
  236. Yang, F. Gao, B. Zhang, "An improved nonlinear droop control strategy in dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 5058-5073, May 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2023.3349027.
  237. Chen, R. Burgos, D. Boroyevich, J.C. Vasquez, J.M. Guerrero, "Investigation of nonlinear droop control in dc power distribution systems: load sharing, voltage regulation, efficiency, and stability", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 9404-9421, Oct. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2019.2893686.
  238. Prabhakaran, Y. Goyal, V. Agarwal, "Novel nonlinear droop control techniques to overcome the load sharing and voltage regulation issues in dc microgrid", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 4477-4487, May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2723045.
  239. Xu, D. Sha and X. Liao, "Decentralized inverse-droop control for input-series–output-parallel dc–dc converters", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 4621-4625, Sept. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2­396898.
  240. Augustine, M.J. Reno, S.M. Brahma, O. Lavrova, "Fault current control and protection in a standalone dc microgrid using adaptive droop and current derivative", IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 2529-2539, June 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2020.2984609.
  241. Alidrissi, H.E. Ouadoud, S. Pierfederici, M. Urbain, R. Ouladsine, M. Bakhouya, "A cooperative distributed droop gains adjustment in dc microgrids", Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, vol. 229, pp. 830-841, March 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2024.09.035.
  242. Xing, Y. Mishra,F. Guo, P. Lin, Y. Yang,  G. Ledwich, Y. C. Tian, "Distributed secondary control for current sharing and voltage restoration in dc microgrid", IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 2487-2497, May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2019.2956515.
  243. Chen, J. Li, Y. Wen, M. Sehnan, W. Xu, "A hybrid master–slave control strategy for multiple distributed generators in microgrid", Energies, vol. 16, no. 2, Article Number: 968, Jan. 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020968.
  244. Hu, J. Duan, H. Ma, M.Y. Chow, "Distributed adaptive droop control for optimal power dispatch in dc microgrid", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 778-789, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2698425.
  245. Zhang, K. Chen, S. Chi, L. Lyu, G. Cai, "The hierarchical control algorithm for dc microgrid based on the improved droop control of fuzzy logic", Energies, vol. 12, no. 5, Article Number: 2995, Aug. 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152995.
  246. Hamzeh, M. Ghafouri, H. Karimi, K. Sheshyekani and J. M. Guerrero, "Power oscillations damping in dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 970-980, Sept. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.201­6.254­2266.
  247. An, Z. Liu, J. Liu, "Successive-approximation-based virtual impedance tuning method for accurate reactive power sharing in islanded microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 87-102, Jan. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3001037.
  248. Dou, Z. Zhang, D. Yue, M. Song, "Improved droop control based on virtual impedance and virtual power source in low-voltage microgrid", IET Generation, Tran­sm­­ission and Distribution, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1046-1054, March 2017, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.1492.
  249. Pan, N. Shen, G. Yang, K. Morita, K. Ogura, W. Wu, "A general framework to design operation modes of DC microgrids without communication links", Proceeding of the IEEE/IPEC, pp. 582-586, Hiroshima, May 2014, https://doi.org/10.1109/IPEC.2014.6869644.
  250. Lu, J.M. Guerrero, K. Sun, J.C. Vasquez, "An improved droop control method for dc microgrids based on low bandwidth communication with dc bus voltage restoration and enhanced current sharing accuracy", IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1800-1812, April 2014, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2266419.
  251. Golshannavaz, V. Mortezapour, "A generalized droop control approach for islanded dc microgrids hosting parallel-connected DERs", Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 36, pp. 237-245, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.09.038.
  252. Khorsandi, M. Ashourloo, H. Mokhtari, R. Iravani, "Automatic droop control for a low voltage dc microgrid", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 41-47, Jan. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.1228.
  253. Tah, D. Das, "An enhanced droop control method for accurate load sharing and voltage improvement of isolated and interconnected dc microgrids", IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1194-1204, July 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2535264.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 22
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 46


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب