A review on the association between gut microbiome and colorectal cancer

International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology

دوره 14، شماره 2، اسفند 2024، صفحه 2137-2148   

نوع مقاله: Review

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ijmcm.2024.710251

نویسندگان

Zivar Salehi؛ Farhad Mashayekhi^*

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

چکیده

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths across the globe. Research has identified an unhealthy diet as a significant factor contributing to the onset of CRC, alongside genetic and epigenetic alterations. Gut dysbiosis has been identified as a notable characteristic of CRC. Epigenetic modifications, which involve alterations to DNA that influence gene expression without changing the actual DNA sequence, play a critical role in the development of CRC. Additionally, factors including diet, lifestyle, and genetics, along with oncogenic infections, bacteria, or the entire microbiome, have been linked to this type of cancer. The precise role of the gut microbiome in CRC pathogenesis within the host remains unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of how gut microbiota contributes to colon carcinogenesis. The hypothesis linking gut microbiota to CRC illustrates the intricate and dynamic interactions among microbes that can initiate CRC development. In the complex mechanisms of colonic carcinogenesis, the progressive changes in microbiota, their surrounding environment, and the role of potential oncopathogenic microorganisms, which are infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites that may play a role in the onset of cancer. in influencing cancer treatment and other aspects of microbiome dysbiosis leading to CRC are explored. Research indicates that therapeutic approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics strengthen the intestinal immune response and enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy agents, potentially serving as additional strategies in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the involvement of the microbiome in modulating CRC processes.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Gastrointestinal Microbiome؛ Prebiotics؛ Dysbiosis؛ Colorectal cancer؛ Immunotherapy؛ Metabolites