Effect of Processing of Sorghum Stover Based Diets on Performance, Values of Haematological and Biochemical Parameters and Immune Response in Growing Nellore Lamb

Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science

مقاله 6، دوره 3، شماره 4، اسفند 2013، صفحه 679-685   

نوع مقاله: Research/Original Article

نویسندگان

D. Nagalakshmi^* ؛ K. Dhanalakshmi

College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Hyderabad, 500030, India

چکیده

A complete diet (Total Mixed ration) with sorghum stover (40%) as sole roughage source was prepared and offered to animals under two forms: as mash or as expanded-extruded pellets (EEP). These two complete diets were compared with a conventional diet (ad libitum chopped sorghum stover fed separately with concentrate mixture to meet 80% of protein requirements). These three diets were randomly allotted to 30 male lambs for a period of 150 days. The lambs on conventional, mash and pelleted diet grew with an average daily gain of 62.5g, 78.5g and 101.3g, respectively, with superiority (P<0.01) of EEP diet in relation to the others. The lambs fed complete diets were more efficient in utilizing the dry matter (DM) than those fed conventional diet despite lower DMI. The haematological (total erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, and percentage of neutrophil and lymphocyte) and serum biochemical constituents (total protein, albumin, globulin and urea nitrogen concentration) at 0, 75 and 150 d of trial were not affected by diets, except haemoglobin concentration which was significantly higher in lambs fed EEP diet (P<0.001). The lipid peroxidase activity was lower (P<0.05) and the RBC catalase activity (P<0.01) was higher in both groups of lambs fed with complete diet. The humoral immune response against Brucella abortus was higher in lambs fed with EEP diet compared to the lambs fed with mash or conventional diets. The total Ig, IgM or IgG titres against 20% chicken red blood cells were higher in lambs fed complete diets and were not affected by expander extruder processing. The cell mediated immune response of lambs assessed as in vitro lymphocyte assay at 150 d of feeding was higher (P<0.05) in EEP diet followed by those in mash complete diet and lastly by those fed conventional diet.

کلیدواژه‌ها

expander extruder pelleting؛ immune response؛ lambs؛ Performance؛ sorghum stover

مراجع

AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Alton G.G., Jones L.M. and Pietz D.E. (1975). Pp. 55-59 in Laboratory Techniques in Brucellosis, World Health Org., Univ. Michigan.
Benjamin M.M. (1985). Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Lowastat Univ. Press.
Bergmeyer H.U. (1983). Catalase. Pp. 165-166 in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Vol 2, Weinheim, Verlag Chemie.
Bounous D.I., Raymond P., Campagnoli S. and Brown J. (1992). Comparison of MTT colorimetric assay and tritiated thymidine uptake for lymphocyte proliferation assays using chicken splenocytes. Avian Dis. 36, 1022-1027.
Duncan D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-test. Biometrics. 11, 1-42.
Gustafsson E.J. (1976). Improved specificity of serum albumin determination and estimation of acute phase reactants by use of the bromocresol green reduction. Clin. Chem. 22, 616-622.
Harvey J.W. (1997). The erythrocyte: physiology, metabolism and biochemical disorders. Pp. 157-203 in Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. J.J. Kaneko, J.W. Harvey and M.L. Bruss Eds.Academic Press, USA.
HillerM.H., McIntosh B. and Van Slyke S. (1927). Colorimetric determination of proteins. J. Clin. Invest. 4, 235-242.
ICAR. (1998). Nutrient Requirements of Livestock and Poultry. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.
JainM.C. (1986). Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology. 4^th Ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
Lailer P.C., Dahiya S.S., Lal D. and Chauhan T.R. (2005). Complete feed for livestock. Concept, present status and future trend: a review. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 75, 84-91.
Kirubanath K., Reddy D.N. and Nagalakshmi D. (2003). Effect of processing cotton straw based complete diet with expander-extruder on performance of crossbred calves. Asian-australas J. Anim. Sci. 16, 1572-1576.
Moron M.S., Depierre J.W. and Mannervik B. (1979). Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S transferase in rat lung and liver. Biochem. Biophy. Acta. 582, 67-68.
Nagalakshmi D. and Reddy D.N. (2003). On farm performance of lambs fed maize cobs based complete diet processed with expander extruder. Indian J. Small Rumin. 9, 147-149.
Nagalakshmi D., Nalini Kumari N. and Srinivasa Rao D. (2010). Feed Processing: Effect on nutrient availability. Pp. 76-83 in Proc. Animal Nutrition Strategies for Environ. Protection and Poverty Alleviation,Volume I. College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Bhubaneswar, India.
Paglia D.E. and Valentine W. N. (1967). Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 70, 158-169.
Perlman P. and Engvall E. (1971). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantitative assay for immunoglobulin. Immunochemistry. 8, 871-878.
Placer Z.A., Cushman L.L. and Johnson B. (1966). Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde). Analytical. Biochem. 16, 359-364.
Rahmatullah M. and Boyde T.R. (1980). Improvements in the determination of urea using diacetyl monoxime: methods with and without deproteinization. Clin. Chem. Acta. 107, 3-9.
Reddy D.N. and Nagalakshmi D. (2004). Expander extruder- a novel technology to enhance the nutritive value of crop residues based diets for ruminants. Pp. 85-95 in Proc.Workshop on ‘Design Dev. Indigen. Equip. manufac, preserv. Package. Anim. feed. IGFRI, Jhansi.
Reddy G.V.N. and Reddy M.R. (1999). Utilization of expander extruder processed complete diet containing sorghum straw in Ongole bull calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 69, 49-50.
Reddy G.V.N., Reddy J.K. and Nagalakshmi D. (2002). Effect of expander extruder processed complete diet containing sugar cane bagasse on growth and nutrient utilization in Ongole bull calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 72, 406-409.
Saygili E.I., Konukoglu D., Papila S. and Aksay T. (2003). Levels of plasma vitamin E, vitamin C, TBARS and cholesterol in male patients with colorectal tumors. Moscow. Biochem. 68, 317-325.
Scott A.F., Wagner T.C. and Chiu D.T.Y. (1993). Decreased catalase activity in the underlying mechanisms of oxidant susceptibility in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient erythrocytes. Biochem. Biophy. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1181, 163-168.
Snedecor G.W. and Cochran W.G. (1980). Statistical Methods, 8^th edn, Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa.
Ullery D.E., Miller E.R., Long C.H. and Vincent B.H. (1965). Sheep hematology from birth to maturity I. Erythrocyte population, size and hemoglobin concentration. J. Anim. Sci. 24, 135-140.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
Wegmann N.T.G. and Smithies O. (1966). A simple haemagglutination system requiring small amounts of red cells and antibodies transfusion. Philadelphia. 6, 67-71.