بهبود عملکرد و روغن دانه آفتابگردان(Helianthus annuus L) با کاربرد کودهای آلی و شیمیایی

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 3، دوره 10، 1(37) بهار، فروردین 1395، صفحه 35-56   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عبداله جوانمرد^{* 1}؛ فریبرز شکاری²

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش برای بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان روغنی هیبرید ایروفلور، به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه‌ی طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 12 تیمار و 4 تکرار در سال زراعی 1393 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل کود شیمیایی در سه سطح، C₀ (بدون مصرف کود شیمیایی)، C₁ (مصرف 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره)، ) C₂ مصرف 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره+50 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرفسفات تریپل) و فاکتور دوم شامل کود آلی در چهار سطح، O₀ (بدون مصرف کود آلی)، O₁(کود گاوی به میزان 40 تن در هکتار)، O₂ (کود مرغی به میزان 30 تن در هکتار)، O₃ (مصرف 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار شاخص کلروفیل برگ‌ها در ترکیب تیماری 50 درصد نیتروژن+ 50 درصد فسفر و کود مرغی و بعد از آن در ترکیب تیماری مصرف 150 کیلوگرم کود اوره+ کود مرغی حاصل شد. عملکرد دانه با کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی (مصرف 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی و 50 درصد نیتروژن+ 50 درصد فسفر) نسبت به مصرف 50 درصد نیتروژن+ 50 درصد فسفر، 02/42 درصد افزایش یافت. همچنین، بیشترین تعداد دانه در طبق در برهم­ کنش 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 40 تن در هکتار کود گاوی به­ دست آمد. عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت با کاربرد 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی به ­ترتیب 22.9 و 15.98 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافتند. بالاترین درصد روغن (52.45 درصد) در تیمار 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی به ­دست آمد که نسبت به شاهد 30.13 درصد افزایش نشان داد. همچنین، بیشترین عملکرد روغن (1784.57 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ترکیب تیماری 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی با 75 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه+ 50 کیلوگرم کود فسفره تعلق داشت. بنابراین مصرف تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی (50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی با 75 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه+ 50 کیلوگرم کود فسفره) در بهبود صفات کمّی و کیفی آفتابگردان مؤثرتر از مصرف به‌تنهایی هر یک از آنها دیده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

درصد روغن؛ شاخص برداشت؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کود گاوی؛ کود مرغی؛ کود نیتروژنی

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