مقایسه عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های کیفی علوفه ذرت، سورگوم و تاج خروس علوفه‌ای در تراکم و تاریخ کاشت‌های مختلف در استان فارس

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 7، دوره 10، 1(37) بهار، فروردین 1395، صفحه 103-120   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

الهام مشاور^{* 1}؛ یحیی امام²؛ حمید مدنی³؛ قربان نورمحمدی⁴؛ حسین حیدری شریف آباد⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

²استاد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

³دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک،ایران

⁴استاد گروه زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی اثرات تراکم و تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد و ویژگی­‌های کیفی سه گیاه علوفه ­ای ذرت، سورگوم و گیاه جدید تاج خروس علوفه‌ای، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1392 به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در دو منطقه‌ از مرودشت واقع در استان فارس اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل نوع گیاه(ذرت علوفه ‏ای 704، سورگوم علوفه‏ ای رقم اسپیدفید، تاج خروس علوفه‏ ای)، تراکم بوته (66000، 83000، 110000 بوته در هکتار) و تاریخ کاشت (1، 15، 30 تیرماه) بودند. تجزیه مرکب واریانس داده‏ ها نشان داد که تیمارهای نوع گیاه، تراکم بوته و تاریخ کاشت اثر معنی ‏داری بر عملکرد، درصد پروتئین دانه، میزان آهن، درصد کلسیم، میزان روی، درصد پروتئین خام علوفه و فیبر داشتند. به­ طوری­ که، بیشترین میزان عملکرد علوفه خشک (11279.70 گرم برمترمربع)، درصد پروتئین دانه (14.85 درصد)، میزان آهن (446 میلی­ گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک)، درصد کلسیم (3.66 درصد) و کمترین درصد فیبر (9.44 درصد) در گیاه تاج خروس در تاریخ کاشت 15 تیرماه با تراکم 66000 بوته در هکتار مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان روی (113.50 میلی ­گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و درصد پروتئین خام علوفه (با میانگین 1.69 درصد) در گیاه ذرت به­ ترتیب درتاریخ کاشت اول و 30 تیرماه در تراکم 66000 بوته در هکتار وجود داشت که از نظر درصد پروتئین خام علوفه، تفاوت معنی ­داری با گیاه تاج‌خروس در کشت 15 تیر ماه (1.650 درصد) نداشت. بیشترین درصد فیبر نیز در گیاه سورگوم (26.393 درصد) در کشت 30 تیر ماه و تراکم 110000 بوته در هکتار مشاهده شد. با تاخیر در کاشت و افزایش تراکم بوته، کیفیت علوفه در سه گیاه کاهش یافت. به ­طورکلی، با توجه به نتایج به ­دست آمده، علوفه گیاه تاج خروس در مقایسه با ذرت و سورگوم، از نظر عملکرد و کیفیت یک گیاه علوفه‌ای ارزشمند محسوب می‌شود و بهترین تیمار پیشنهادی جهت عملکرد بیشتر و کیفیت بالاتر این علوفه در استان فارس تاریخ کاشت 15 تیرماه و تراکم 66000 بوته در هکتار می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

درصد پروتئین؛ عملکرد علوفه تاج خروس؛ کیفیت علوفه؛ میزان آهن

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