عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سه ژنوتیپ گندم تحت رژیم‌های آبیاری

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 12، دوره 10، 1(37) بهار، فروردین 1395، صفحه 183-200   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عیسی نباتی¹؛ پیمان شریفی^{* 2}

¹دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

²استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

در یک آزمایش مزرعه‌ای اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای مرتبط با آن در سه ژنوتیپ گندم در سال زراعی 93-1392 در منطقه پارس‌آباد مغان بررسی شد. این تحقیق به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل رژیم‌های آبیاری در پنج سطح به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و ژنوتیپ در سه سطح (ارقام شیرودی و چمران و لاین N-80-18) به­ عنوان فاکتور فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر رژیم آبیاری بر صفات عملکرد دانه، وزن خشک تک‌بوته، ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه و درصد پروتئین دانه و اثر ژنوتیپ بر روی کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار بودند. اثر متقابل رژیم آبیاری × ژنوتیپ بر صفات عملکرد دانه، وزن خشک تک‌بوته و تعداد دانه در سنبله معنی‌دار بودند. در شرایط بهینه آبیاری عملکرد دانه ارقام شیرودی و چمران و لاین N-80-18 به­ ترتیب معادل 4661.7، 4200 و 4402 کیلوگرم در هکتار برآورد شدند. با اعمال تنش رطوبتی عملکرد دانه و سایر صفات کاهش معنی‌‌داری پیدا کردند. همچنین، تنش کم‌آبیاری منجر به افزایش میزان پروتئین دانه در هر سه ژنوتیپ شد. رقم چمران بیشترین عملکرد دانه را در شرایط تنش خشکی داشت و عملکرد آن در شرایط دیم در مقایسه با آبیاری بهینه، به میزان 26 درصد کاهش یافت. این رقم با توجه به ثبات عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش و کمبود آب در آخر فصل رشد، برای کاشت در شرایط مشابه این تحقیق مناسب به نظر می‌‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ رشد؛ ژنوتیپ؛ عملکرد؛ گندم

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