Some Autecological Properties of Medicinal Plant of Salvia hydrangea L. in Mazandaran, Iran

Journal of Rangeland Science

مقاله 7، دوره 6، شماره 3، مهر 2016، صفحه 253-263   

نوع مقاله: Research and Full Length Article

نویسندگان

Mahdieh Ebrahimi^{* 1}؛ Somayeh Ranjbar²

¹Faculty of Water and Soil, Uinversity of Zabol

²University of Zabol

چکیده

The study of plant under environmental conditions leads to an appreciation of their physical and chemical requirements for growth and reproduction. It contributes to increase the knowledge of where the plants grow. This study was conducted to determine the main autecological characteristics of Salvia hydrangea L. which is an endemic plant distributed in Mazanadarn province, Iran. The habitats of this species (altitude of 1100, 1700 and 2000m) were identified (2014) and then, the climatic and edaphic characteristics of habitats were determined. Surveys of the plant in the habitats were done along the transect (100m) within quadrant (4m²) with a systematically randomized method during major phenological stages of the plant. Phenological stages and some plant characteristics such as density, canopy cover, plant height and root system were studied. Results showed that in lower altitudes, vegetative growth starts in the middle of February and follows the flowering at the end of May whereas in higher altitudes, the plant starts vegetative growth in the early March and reaches fully flowered at the end of June. The mean annual rainfall and temperature of the habitats ranged from 383–540 mm and 21–24°C, respectively. Results showed that the plant density and canopy cover decreased slowly with increasing altitude while reaching the minimum value in the altitude of 2000m. The root depth of plant in the loamy sand soils was deeper than the clay loamy soils. Density and other measured vegetal factors ofplant decreased with decreasing the nutrient content of soil. Loamy sand and clay loamy soils of the habitat had pH near neutral and EC varying from 0.43 to 0.90 dS m^-1. It was concluded that the plant generally prefers the climate conditions with high temperature and high rainfall. In lower altitudes with more soil nutrients, there are more optimal conditions for the domestication and harvesting of S. hydrangea L. as a medicinal plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Autecology؛ Ecological Factors؛ Phenology؛ Salvia hydrangea L

مراجع

Abarseji, G.H., Shahmoradim, I., Zarekia, S., 2007. Investigation of autecology of Hedysarum kopetdaghi in rangelands in Golestan Province, Iran. Jour. Range Desert Research. 14: 421–431. (In Persian).

Ajeer, F. and Shahmoradi, A., 2007. Autecology of range plants species of Ferula ovina in Tehran Province. Jour. Range Desert Research. 14: 367–359. (In Persian).

Allan, J.E., 1958. Atomic-absorption spectrophotometry with special reference to the determination of magnesium. Analyst. 83: 466–471.

Allison, L.E. and Moodie, C.D., 1965. Carbonates. In: Black, C.A, ed. Methods of Soil Analysis, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI. p. 1379–1400.

Alonso-Amelot, M.E., Oliveros-Bastidas, A., Calcagno-Pisarelli, M.P., 2007. Phenolics and condensed tannins of high altitude Pteridium arachnoideum in relation to sunlight exposure, elevation, and rain regime. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 35: 1–10.

Ardakani, M.R. and Mafakheri, S. 2011. Designing a sustainable agro ecosystem for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Jour. Appl Environ Biol Sci. 1 (10): 401–413. (In Persian).

Bray, R.H. and Kurtz, L.T., 1954. Determination of total, organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Jour. Soil Sci. 39–45.

Ebrahimi, M., Masoodipour, A.R., Rigi, M., 2015. Role of soil and topographic features in distribution of plant species (Case study: Sanib Taftan watershed). Ecopersia. 3(1): 917–932. (In Persian).

Ebrahimi-Kebria, K. 2002. Investigation of topographic factors effects and grazing on plant cover percentage and diversity in Sefid-Ab of Haraz basin rangeland. M.Sc. thesis of Mazandaran University 90 p. (In Persian).

Enright, N.J., Miller, B.P., Akhter, R., 2005. Desert vegetation and vegetation-environment relationships in Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan. Jour. Arid Environ. 61: 397–418.

Fakhireh, A., Ajorlo, M., Shahryari, A., Mansouri, S.H., Nouri, S., Pahlavanravi, A., 2012. The autecological characteristics of Desmostachya bipinnata in hyper-arid regions. Turk Jour. Bot. 36: 690–696. (In Persian).

Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G., Scheffer, J.J.C., 2008. Factors effecting secondary metabolite production in plant: volatile. components and essential oils. Flavour Fragr Jour. 23: 213–226.

Graven, E.H., Webber, L., Benians, G., Venter, M., Gardner, J.B., 1991. Effect of soil type and nutrient status on the yield and composition of Tagetes Oil (Tagetes minuta L.). Jour. Ess. Oil Res. 3: 303–307.

Habibi, H., Mazaheri, D., Majnoon-Hassani, N., Chaeechi, M.R., Fakhr-Tabatabaee, M., Bigdeli, M., 2006. Investigating the effects of altitudes on the essential oil and herbal compositions of Thymus kotschyanus in Taleghan. Jour. Res Construct. 19(4): 2–10. (In Persian).

Haider, F., Kumar, N., Banerjee, S., Naqvi, A.A., Bagchi, G.D., 2009. Effect of altitude on the essential oil constituents of Artemisia roxburghiana Besser var. purpurascens (Jacq.) Hook. Jour. Essent. Oil Res. 21: 302–303.

Hanley, T.A., 1978. A comparison of the line-interception and quadrate estimation methods of determining shrub canopy coverage. Jour. Range Manage. 31:60–62.

Jaakola, L., Maatta-Riihinen, K., Karenlampi, S., Hohtola, A., 2004. Activation of flavonoid biosynthesis by solar radiation in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) leaves. Planta. 218: 721–728.

Jafari, M., Biniaz, M., Janfaza, E., Nematolahi, M.J., Karimpour Reyhan, M., 2013. Relationship between soil characteristics and vegetation types in Damghan. Int. Jour. Desert. 17: 129–135(In Persian).

Jafari, M., Zare Chahouki, M.A., Tavili, A., Azarnivand, H., 2003. Soil- Vegetation relationship in hoz-esoltan region of Qom province, Iran. Jour. Nutr. 2(6): 329–334. (In Persian).

Jenks, A.A. and Kim, S.C., 2013. Medicinal plant complexes of Salvia subgenus Calosphace: an ethnobotanical study of new world sages. Jour. Ethnopharmacol. 146: 214–224.

Kaya, Y. and Aksakal, O., 2007. The morphological and autecological properties of Salvia rosifolia Sm. (Lamiaceae) grown in Erzurum and its Environs in Turkey. Pak Jour. Bio Sci. 10: 2178–2184.

Knudsen, D., Peterson, G.A., Pratt, P., 1982. Lithium, sodium and potassium. In: Page, A.L., ed. Methods of Soil Analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI. p. 225–246.

Lo, I., Tsang, D., Yip, T., Wang, F., Zhang, W.H., 2011. Influence of injection conditions on EDDS-flushing of metal-contaminated soil. Jour. Hazard. Mater.192: 667–675.

Lommen, W.J.M., Bouwmeester, H.J., Schenk, E., Verstappen, F.W.A., Elzinga, S., Struik, P.C., 2008. Modeling processes determining and limiting the production of secondary metabolites during crop growth: the example of antimalarial artemisinin produced in Artemisia annua. Acta Hortic. 765: 87–94.

 

Mahdavi, M., Jouri, M.H., Mahmoudi, J., Rezazadeh, F., Mahzooni-Kachapi, S.S., 2013. Investigating the altitude effect on the quantity and quality of the essential oil in Tanacetum polycephalum Sch.-Bip. polycephalum in the Baladeh region of Nour, Iran. Chin J Nat Med. 11(5): 553–559. (In Persian).

Mahzenoozi-Kachpi, S.S., Mahdavi, M., Jouri, M.H., Akbarzadeh, L., 2014. The effects of altitude on chemical compositions and function of essential oils in Stachys lavadulifolia Vahl. (Iran). Int. Jour. Med. Arom. Plants. 4 (2): 107–116. (In Persian).

Makhdoom, V., 2002. The land logistics model. University of Tehran press, Iran. 289 p. (In Persian).

Manukyan, A., 2011. Effect of growing factors on productivity and quality of lemon catmint, lemon balm and sage under soilless greenhouse production: II. Nitrogen stress. Medicinal and aromatic plant science and biotechnology. 5(2): 126–132.

Masoodipour, A.R., Ebrahimi, M., Rigi, M., 2014. Effect of edaphic, geologic and topographic characteristics in the distribution of plant species in the Sanib Taftan watershed. Range Management M.Sc. Thesis. University of Zabol. 116 p. (In Persian).

Metaji, A. and Zahedi-Amiri, G.H., 2006. The relationship between plant ecologic groups and edaphic conditions of the habitat (Case study: Khiroud kenar forest of Noshahr). Nat. Resour. Jour. 59(4): 453–863. (In Persian).

Mesdaghi, M., 2003. Range management in Iran. Astan Ghods Razavi press, Mashhad, Iran. 252 p. (In Persian).

Moradi, H. and Ahmadipour, S., 2006. Investigation the role of morphology and soil on plant vegetation using GIS in Vas sub watershed basin, North of Iran. Geogr. Res. Jour. 58: 17–32. (In Persian).

Moradi, M., Ebrahimi, M., Armin, M., 2014. The role of edaphic and topographic factors in plant species distribution of geological formations in Kakan watersheds of Kohgelouye-and-Boyerahmad province, Iran. Range Management M.Sc. Thesis. University of Zabol. 116 p. (In Persian). (In Persian).

Nautiyal, B.P., Nautiyal, M.C., Khanduri, V.P., Rawat, N., 2009. Floral biology of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.: A critically endangered alpine medicinal plant of Himalaya, India. Turk Jour. Bot. 33: 13–20.

Ncube, B., Finnie, J.F., Van Staden, J., 2012. Quality from the field: The impact of environmental factors as quality determinants in medicinal plants. Afr. Jour. Bot. 82: 11–20.

Omidbeigi, R., 2005. Production and manufacturing the herbs. Mashhad, Beh-nashr press, 37 p. (In Persian).

Özcan, M., Tzakou, O., Couladis, M., 2003. Essential oil composition of Turkish herbal tea (Salvia aucheri Bentham var. canescens Boiss. and Heldr.). Flavour Fragr Jour. 18: 325–327.

Pluhár. Z., Héthelyi. E., Kutta. G., Kamondy. L., 2007. Evaluation of environmental factors influencing essential oil quality of Thymus pannonicus All and Thymus praecox opiz. Jour. Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants. 13 (1): 23–43.

Rajabi, Z., Ebrahimi, M., Farajpoura, M., Mirza, M., Ramshini, H., 2014. Compositions and yield variation of essential oils among and within nine Salvia species from various areas of Iran. Ind. Crops Prod. 61: 233–239. (In Persian).

Rechinger, K.H., Seybold, S., Mennema, J., Hedge, I.C., 1982. Labiatae. In: Rechinger, K.H ed, Flora Iranica. Akademisch Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt. Graz-Austria, 417 p.

Rezaei, S.A., 2003. The use of a soil quality index in site capability assessment for extensive grazing. PhD Dissertation, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 93 p. (In Persian).

Rhoades, J.D., 1996. Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In: Page, A.L., ed. Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI. pp. 417–435.

Saber Amoli, S., Noroozi, S.H., Shekarchian, A., Akbarzadeh, M., Kodoori, M., 2008. Investigation of ecological factors of essential oil of Labiatae species in Kerman province. Jour. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 23: 532–543 (In Persian).

Thomas, G.W., 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity, In: Sparks, D.L., ed, Methods of soil analysis, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI. pp. 475–490.

Voirin, B., Brun, N., Bayet, C., 1990. Effects of day length on the monoterpene composition of leaves of Mentha piperita. Phytochemistry. 29 (3): 749–755.

Wang, A., Luo, C., Yang, R., Chen, Y., Shen, Z., Li, X., 2012. Metal leaching along soil profiles after the EDDS application–A field study. Environ. Pollut. 164: 204–210.

Wilcox, L.V., 1951. A method for calculating the saturation percentage from the weight of a known volume of saturated soil paste. Eur. Jour. Soil Sci. 73:233-238.

Zarezadeh, A., Rezaee, M.B., Mirhosseini, A., Shamszadeh, M., 2007. Ecological investigation of some aromatic plants from Lamiaceae family in Yazd province. Jour. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 23: 432–442. (In Persian).

Zhang, J.T., Dong, Y., 2010. Factors affecting species diversity of plant communities and the restoration process in the loess area of China. Ecol. Eng. 36: 345–350.

Zohary, M., 1963. On the geobotanical structure of Iran. Section D, Botany. Supplement. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel. 113 p.