تاثیر میکوریز و فسفر با مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید بر برخی صفات ذرت

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 9، دوره 10، 3(39) پاییز، آبان 1395، صفحه 657-668   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

فدرا طاهری اشترینانی¹؛ امین فتحی^{* 2}

¹باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد بروجرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بروجرد، ایران

²باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران

چکیده

اثر کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی به همراه مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید بر خصوصیات زراعی ذرت طی آزمایشی به­ صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بروجرد در سال 1391 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل 3 سطح کود فسفر (صفر، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، 2 سطح کود بیولوژیک (میکوریز) (تلقیح بذر و عدم تلقیح بذر) و 2 سطح سالیسیلیک اسید (0.5 و 1 میلی­ مولار) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که میان صفات تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک اختلاف معنی داری در سطوح کود فسفر و میکوریز به ­دست آمد، در حالت تلقیح بذور با میکوریز عملکرد دانه به مقدار 8412 کیلوگرم در هکتار به ­دست آمد که 24% بیشتر از تیمار عدم تلقیح بذور بود. سالیسیلیک اسید تأثیر معنی­ داری بر تعـداد دانه در ردیف، وزن صـد دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیـولوژیک و شـاخص برداشت داشت. با مصرف 1 میلی­ مولار سالیسیلیک اسید عملکرد دانه به مقدار 8316 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد که 24% بیشتر از تیمار عدم مصرف بود. اثر متقابل فسفر و میکوریز بر تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی­ دار بودند. اثر متقابل سالیسیلیک اسید و فسفر و اثر متقابل سه گانه تیمارهای آزمایش نیز تنها بر عملکرد دانه معنی­ دار بود. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که سالیسیلیک اسید و میکوریز می ­توانند عملکرد دانه را از طریق تولید بوته­ های قوی تر گیاهی و بهبود اجزای عملکرد، افزایش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ذرت؛ سالیسیلیک اسید؛ فسفر؛ میکوریز

مراجع

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Alizadeh, O., and A. Alizadeh. 2007. The effect of mycorrhizae on humidity conditions on nutrient uptake in corn. Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences. 3(1): 101 -108. (In Persian).

 Amanullah, M., and W. Khan. 2010. Interactive effects of potassium and phosphorus on phenology and grain yield of sunflower in Northwest Pakistan. Soil Science Society of China. 20(5): 674-680.

Ardakani, M.R., F. Majd, and G. Noormohammadi. 2006. Evaluating the efficiency of mycorrhiza and esterpetomysis in phosphorous different levels and effect of their utiliz on wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Sciences. 2 (2): 17-27. (In Persian)

Ehteshami, M., A. Aghalikhani, M.R. Chaeechi, and K. Khavazy. 2007. Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on quantitative and qualitative properties of corn under water stress conditions. The Second National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture. Gorgan. P: 123. (In Persian).

EL-Tayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley gains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation. 45: 215- 225.

Fathi, A. 2011. The effect of nitrogen and phosphate based bio-fertilizers morphological and physiological characteristics of maize under the weather conditions of the Dareh shahr city. Agriculture Master's thesis. Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd.143 pp. (In Persian).

 Fathi, A., A. Farnia, and A. Maleki. 2012. Effects of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers on yield and yield components of corn AS71 in Dareh-shahr climate. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7;1 (25): 105-114. (In Persian).

 Jeyrani, M., N. Sajedi, H. Madani, and M. Sheikh. 2009. The effect of growth regulators and water stress on winter wheat crop's characteristics. New Findings in Agriculture. 4: 54-63. (In Persian).

 Momeni, S. 2011. The effect of salicylic acid and polyethylene glycol priming with salicylic acid spraying the plant with resistance to drought maize (Zea mays L.). Master's thesis. Birjand University of Science and Seed Technology. 127 pp. (In Persian).

 

 Nezarat, S., and A. Gholami. 2009. The effect of co-inoculathon of Azospirillum and Psedomonasrhizobacteria on nutrient of maize (Zea mays L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy. 1(1): 25-32. (In Persian).

 Parsa Motlagh, B. 2011. The effect of the interaction of salinity, mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus on growth and yield characteristics of the beans (Phaseseolus vulgaris L.). Master's thesis. University of Birjand. 138 pp. (In Persian).

 

 Qorchiane, M., Gh. Akbari, H. Alikhani, A. Allahdadi, and M. Zare. 2010. The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria pseudomonas fluorescence on the ear characteristics, chlorophyll content and yield of corn under water stress conditions. Water and Soil Science (Agricultural Science) 21(1): 97-114. (In Persian).

  Rashedmohasel, H., M. Hosseini, M. Abdi, and A. Molafilaby. 2001. Cereal crops. Second edition. Mashhad University Press Jahad. (In Persian).

 

 Shakirova, F.M., A.R. Sakhabutdinova, M.V. Bezrokova, and R.A. Fatkhutdinova. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedling indused by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science. 164: 317-322. 

 Wu, B., S.C.L. Cao, Z.H. Cheung, and K.C. Wong. 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth. Geoderma. 125: 155-162.

 Yazdani, M., M.A. Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti, and M.A. Esmaili. 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 18: 20-25.

·   Ahmadian, A., A. Ghanbari, and M. Galvi. 2006. The effect of fertilizers on yield quality and quantity of animal oil, cumin and chemical indicators. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 4(2): 1-10. (In Persian).

 

·   Alizadeh, O., and A. Alizadeh.2007. The effect of mycorrhizae on humidity conditions on nutrient uptake in corn.Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences. 3(1): 101 -108. (In Persian).

 

·   Amanullah, M., and W. Khan. 2010. Interactive effects of potassium and phosphorus on phenology and grain yield of sunflower in Northwest Pakistan. Soil Science Society of China. 20(5): 674-680.

 

·   Ardakani, M.R., F. Majd, and G. Noormohammadi. 2006. Evaluating the efficiency of mycorrhiza and esterpetomysis in phosphorous different levels and effect of their utiliz on wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Sciences. 2 (2): 17-27. (In Persian)

 

·   Ehteshami, M., A. Aghalikhani, M.R. Chaeechi, and K. Khavazy. 2007. Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on quantitative and qualitative properties of corn under water stress conditions. The Second National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture. Gorgan. P: 123. (In Persian).

 

·   EL-Tayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley gains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation. 45: 215- 225.

 

·   Fathi, A. 2011. The effect of nitrogen and phosphate based bio-fertilizers morphological and physiological characteristics of maize under the weather conditions of the Dareh shahr city. Agriculture Master's thesis. Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd.143 pp. (In Persian).

 

·   Fathi, A., A. Farnia, and A. Maleki. 2012. Effects of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers on yield and yield components of corn AS71 in Dareh-shahr climate. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7;1 (25): 105-114. (In Persian).

 

·   Jeyrani, M., N. Sajedi, H. Madani, and M. Sheikh. 2009. The effect of growth regulators and water stress on winter wheat crop's characteristics. New Findings in Agriculture. 4: 54-63. (In Persian).

 

·   Momeni, S. 2011. The effect of salicylic acid and polyethylene glycol priming with salicylic acid spraying the plant with resistance to drought maize (Zea mays L.). Master's thesis. Birjand University of Science and Seed Technology. 127 pp. (In Persian).

 

·   Nezarat, S., and A. Gholami. 2009. The effect of co-inoculathon of Azospirillum and Psedomonasrhizobacteria on nutrient of maize (Zea mays L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy. 1(1): 25-32. (In Persian).

 

·   Parsa Motlagh, B. 2011. The effect of the interaction of salinity, mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus on growth and yield characteristics of the beans (Phaseseolus vulgaris L.). Master's thesis. University of Birjand. 138 pp. (In Persian).

·   Qorchiane, M., Gh. Akbari, H. Alikhani, A. Allahdadi, and M. Zare. 2010. The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria pseudomonas fluorescence on the ear characteristics, chlorophyll content and yield of corn under water stress conditions. Water and Soil Science (Agricultural Science) 21(1): 97-114. (In Persian).

 

·   Rashedmohasel, H., M. Hosseini, M. Abdi, and A. Molafilaby. 2001. Cereal crops. Second edition. Mashhad University Press Jahad. (In Persian).

 

·   Shakirova, F.M., A.R. Sakhabutdinova, M.V. Bezrokova, and R.A. Fatkhutdinova. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedling indused by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science. 164: 317-322. 

 

·   Wu, B., S.C.L. Cao, Z.H. Cheung, and K.C. Wong. 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth. Geoderma. 125: 155-162.

 

Yazdani, M., M.A. Bahmanyar, H. Pirdashti, and M.A. Esmaili. 2009. Effect of phosphatesolubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yieldcomponents of corn. International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 18: 20-25.