ارزیابی رژیم آبیاری و کودهای آلی برعملکرد کمّی و کیفی گاوزبان (Borago officinalis L)

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 11، دوره 10، 3(39) پاییز، آبان 1395، صفحه 683-696   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

رعنا قلی نژاد¹؛ علیرضا سیروس مهر^{* 2}؛ براتعلی فاخری³

¹دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

³دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات رژیم آبیاری و کودهای آلی (کمپوست و ورمی­ کمپوست) بر درصد موسیلاژ و برخی صفات کیفی گاوزبان آزمایشی به­ صورت کرت­ های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه زابل اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل آبیاری در چهار سطح: آبیاری در 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (شاهد)،80 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش ملایم) و 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش شدید) به ­عنوان عامل اصلی و مصرف کود آلی در سه سطح شامل شاهد (بدون مصرف کود)، 40 تن کمپوست و 4 تن ورمی­ کمپوست در هکتار به­ عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم گیاه و همچنین میزان کلروفیل a، کارتنوئید و کلروفیل کل در اثر تنش خشکی کاهش یافتند ولی در سطوح کاربرد کود کاهش کمتری در صفات فوق مشاهده شد. درصد سدیم در شرایط تنش و کاربرد کمپوست بیشتر بود. با افزایش تنش، کربوهیدرات محلول و درصد موسیلاژ بالا رفت ولی بیشترین درصد موسیلاژ (2.37) از تنش ملایم به ­دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد خشک کل ( t.ha^-1 13.48) در شرایط عدم تنش حاصل شد که با سطح تنش ملایم اختلاف معنی­داری نداشت. کاربرد کودهای آلی، به­ ویژه کمپوست، عملکرد بیشتری تولید کرد. درمجموع، جهت دست­یابی به عملکرد قابل قبول و درصد موسیلاژ بالا در گاوزبان، استفاده از رژیم آبیاری 80 درصد ظرفیت زراعی همراه با کاربرد کمپوست در شرایط آب و هوایی زابل مناسب به نظر می رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ کلروفیل؛ کمپوست؛ ورمی کمپوست؛ موسیلاژ

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