تعداد نشریات | 418 |
تعداد شمارهها | 9,986 |
تعداد مقالات | 83,489 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 76,684,944 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 53,784,484 |
Investigating Effects of a Prescribed Spring Fire on Symbiosis between Mycorrhiza Fungi and Range Plant Species | ||
Journal of Rangeland Science | ||
مقاله 5، دوره 7، شماره 2، تیر 2017، صفحه 138-147 اصل مقاله (11.38 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: Research and Full Length Article | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Jalil Ahmadi1؛ Mohammad Farzam* 2؛ Amir Lagzian2 | ||
1Ferdowsi University of Iran | ||
2Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
چکیده | ||
Fire is one of the incorporate vegetation management practices for grasslands and semi-arid rangelands. It may affect symbiotic relationship between range plants and mycorrhiza. Accordingly, this research was aimed to investigate the effects of a spring prescribed fire on the symbiotic relationships between mycorrhiza and 6 plant species. The study was conducted in a semi-arid steppe rangeland called Dehbar, Torghabeh in Mashhad, Iran. A prescribed fire was applied on 20th April 2015. Soil and plant samples were taken one month later. Colonisation and spore density were measured on the root of 6 different species. Spring fires significantly increased fungi spores in the rhizosphere of all plant species with the highest and lowest frequencies (42 and 24 per gram dry soil) obtained for Pimpinella tragium and Artemisia aucheri, respectively. Fire effects on colonization varied from high to no effect ranges. The increases in the mycorrhiza propagules after a prescribed burning during the growth season might be due to a sudden increase of nutrients from plant ashes. Although the studied plant species were different in terms of morphology (canopy and root type), phenology and life form (geophyte, perennial grasses and shrubs), the spring fire increased the colonization rate for plant species that had just started vegetative plant growth (Stipa barbata, Artemisia aucheri and Pimpinella tragium) but it had no effects regarding the plant species (Poa bulbosa, Agropyron trichophorum andAstragalus gossypinus) that were fully grown at the time of burning and/or had terminated seasonal growth period at the time of soil sampling. Therefore, in terms of plant-mycorrhizal symbiosis, a prescribed spring fire might increase the competitive advantage of perennial late season species as compared to annual early season species which are mostly ephemeral or invasive plants. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Rangelands؛ Ecological restoration؛ Plant interactions؛ Soil biology | ||
مراجع | ||
Anderson R.C. and Menges E.S., 1997. Effects of burning on sand hill herbs: nutrients, mycorrhiza, and biomass allocation, American Journal of Botany, 84(8): 938–948.
Augustine, D.J, Brewer, P., Blumenthal D. M, Derner, J. D., Fischer, J.C. 2014. Prescribed burning, soil inorganic nitrogen dynamics, and plant responses in semiarid grassland. Journal of Arid Environments.104:59-66
Azul, A. M., Ramos, V., Sales, F. 2010. Early effects of burning on herbaceous vegetation and mycorrhizal symbiosis in high altitude grasslands of Natural Park of Estrela Mountain (PNSE).Symbiosis, 52:113-123
Axelrod D.I., 1985.Rise of the grassland biome, central North America. Botanical Review51:163-201
Baghestani Meybodi, N., Arzani M., Shokat Fadayi M., Nikkhah A., Baghestani Meybodi, M.A. 2004. The study Changes of soluble carbohydrate reserves in important rangeland species of steppe zone in Yazd province. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 57(3): 799-811. (In Persian)
Bailey, A.W., 1970. Barrier effect of the shrub Elaegnus commutate on graying cattle and forage production in central Alberta. Journal of Range Management, 23:248-251.
Baskin, J. M., and Baskin, C. C., 1989. Physiology of dormancy and germination in relation to seed bank ecology. In: Leck MA, Parker VT, and Simpson RL (eds.) Ecology of soil seed banks. Pp: 53–66, Academic Press, San Diego, California.
Bentivenga, S. P. andHetrick, B. A. D. 1992. Seasonal and temperature effects on mycorrhizal activity and dependence of cool-season and warm- season tall grass prairie grasses. Canadian Journal of Botany 70: 1596-1602.
Bergner, B, Johnstone, J, Treseder, K., 2004. Experimental warming and burn severity alter soil CO2 flux and soil functional groups in a recently burned boreal forest. Global Change Biology 10:1996–2004.
Bi, Q., 2006. Analysis on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to salt-tolerance and growth effects of Leymus chinensis. Master Dissertation. Northeast University of Changchun, China.
Blair, J. M., 1997. Fire, N availability, and plant response in grasslands: a test of the transient maxima hypothesis. Ecology 78: 2359-2368
Bruns, T.D., Kretzer, A.M., Horton, T.R., Stendell, E.D., Bidartondo, M.I., Szaro,T.M., 2002. Current investigations of fungal ectomycorrhizal communities in the sierra national forests. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-183
Carleton, S. W. and Loftin, S.R., 2000. Response of 2 semiarid grasslands to cool-season prescribed fire. Jour. Range Manage. 53:52-61.
Cassie, L., Hebel, J.E., Smith, K., 2009. Invasive plant species and soil microbial response to wildfire burn severity in the Cascade Range of Oregon. Applied Soil Ecology, 42:150-159.
Christensen, N. L., 1997. Managing for heterogeneity, Ecosystems, and Biodiversity, pp. 167-186.
Cline, E., Ammirati, J., Edmonds, R. 2005.Does proximity to mature trees influence ectomycorrhizal fungus communities of Douglas-fir seedlings, New Phytology 166:993-1009.
Dahlberg, A., 2002. Effects of fire on ectomycorrhizal fungi in Fennoscandian boreal forests. Silva Fennica 36(1): 69–80.
Dale, G., Brockway, R.G., Gatewood R.B. 2002. Restoring fire as an ecological process in short grass prairie ecosystems: initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons. Journal of Environmental Management, 65:135-152
Dhillion, S.S., and Anderson, R. C., 1993. Growth dynamics and associated mycorrhizal fungi of little bluestem grass Shizanc hyriumscoparium (Michex). Nash on burned and unburned sand prairies. New Phytologist 123: 7-91
Ehsani, A., Yegane, H., Soor, A., Saghafi-Khadem, F., Abarsaji, GH.A, Akbar Poor, H., 2013. The study of phenology stage of Poa bulbosa in semi- steppe of Golestan and Khorasan- Razavi Province. Journal of Plant Science, 29(1): 17-27
Eom, A.H., Hartnett. D. C., Wilson, G. W. T., 1991. The effect of fire, mowing and fertilizer amendment on arbuscular mycorrrhizas in tall grass prairie. American Midland Naturalist 142: 55-69
Faryabi, N., Mesdaghi, M., Heshmati, G.A., MadadiZadeh, N.A., 2012. Comparison of plant composition under three levels of utilization in rangelands of Khabr national park and neighboring areas. Iranian Journal Range and Desert Research, 19(3): 431. Iran. (In Persian).
Fowler, S., Rosenbaum, J., and Reiersgaard, E., 2004. The effect of annual burning and mowing on soil fungal richness and abundance. Journal of Grinnell College, Tillers, 5: 13-15
Friese, C.F., and Allen, M.F., 1991. The spread of VA mycorrihizal fungal hyphae in the soil: inoculums types and external hyphal architecture. Mycologia 83: 409-418.
Garg, N., Manchanda, G., 2009. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the alleviation of Ionic, osmotic and oxidative stresses induced by salinity in (Cajanuscajan L.) Mill sp. (pigeon pea).Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 195: 110-123.
Ghasemi-Mayvan, Z., 2014. A study on the effect of fire on phenology and plant diversity in Dash-Arasi, Rangeland of Quchan.MS thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
Gibson, J., 2010. Going underground: Studying fuel treatment effects on the mycorrhizal community of northern California. Burning Science Brief. University of Nebraska – Lincoln. USA.pp 1-6
Glovannetti, M., and Mosse, B., 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. Journal of the new philologist, 84: 489-500
Harley, J. L., and Smith, S. E., 1983. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, London and New York: Academic Press. pp. 80-80.
Harrison, M., 2005. Signaling in the Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Annual Review of Microbiolgy. 59:19–42
Hart, S. C., Classen, A. T. and Wright, R. J., 2005. Long-term interval burning alters fine root and mycorrhizal dynamics in a ponderosa pine forest. Journal of Applied Ecology. 42, 752–761
Hoeksema, J. D., Chaudhary, V. B., Gehring, C. A., Johnson, N. C., Karst, J., Koide, R. T., Pringle, A., Zabinski, C., Bever, J. D., Moore, J.C, Wilson, G. W. T., Klironomos, J. N., Umbanhowar, J., 2010. A meta-analysis of context-dependency in plant response to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. Ecol Letter 13:394–407.
Jankju, M., 2009. Restoration and development of rangeland, Jahad Daneshgahi publications, Mashhad, Iran.239P. (In Persian).
Jankju, M., Abrishamchi, P., Behdad, A., and Maghamni, A. 2008. On the coexistence mechanisms of a perennial grass with an allelopathic shrub in a semiarid rangeland. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences.Vol; 5 (18), pp: 2001-2008.
Jones, M. D., Durall, D. M., Cairney, J. W. G., 2003. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in young forest stands regenerating after clear-cut logging. New Phytol 157:399-442.
Kanppa, A. K. and Seastedt, T.R., 1986. Detritus accumulations limits productivity of tall grass prairie. Bioscience 36:662-668
Kapoor R, Giri B, Mukerji K, G., 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare Mill on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. BioresourceTechnol, 93: 307-311.
Kitchen,D. J., Blair, J. M., Callahan, M. A., 2009. Annual fire and mowing alter biomass, depth distribution, and C and N content of roots and soil in tall grass prairie. Plant and Soil 323: 235-247.
Leone, V., and Lovreglio, R., 2003. Human fire causes: A challenge for modeling. In E. Chuvieco, M. Pilar Martín, & C. Justice (Eds.), Innovative concepts and methods in fire danger estimation 4th international workshop on remote sensing and GIS applications (pp. 89-98.Ghent, 5-7 July 2003).
McGuire, K. L., 2007. Common ectomycorrhizal networks may maintain mono dominance in a tropical rain forest Ecology. 88:567–574.
McMullan-Fisher, S.J.M., May,T.W.,Robinson, R.M., Bell, T.L., Lebel, T., Catcheside, P., and York,A., 2011. Fungi and burning in Australian ecosystems: a review of current knowledge, management implications and future directions. Australian Journal of Botany, 59:70–90
Mesdaghi, M., 2003. Range management in Iran. Imam Reza University publications.251P, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
Miller, R.M., and Jastrow, J.D., 2000. The application of VA mycorrhizae to ecosystem restoration and reclamation.In: Allen MF, ed. Mycorrhizal functioning: an integrative plant-fungal process. New York: Chapman and Hall. P 438-467.
Moro, M.J., Pugnare, F.I., Haase, P., and Pug de fabregas, J., 1997. Effect of the canopy of Retama sphaerocarpa on its understory in semiarid environment. Journal of Functional Ecology, 11: 425-431
Oswald,B. P., Wellner,K., Boyce, R., 1998. Neuenschwander LF Germination and initial growth of four coniferous species on varied duff depths in northern Idaho. Jour Sustain For 8:11–21
Perry, D. A., Amaranthus, M., Borchers,J,, Borchers, S., Brainerd, R., 1989. Bootstrapping in ecosystems. Bioscience 39:230–237
Phillips, J. M., and Hayman, D. S., 1970. Improved procedures for clearing and staining parasitic and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 55: 158-16
Purdy, B. G., Macdonald, S. E., Dale, M. R. T., 2002. The regeneration niche of white spruce following fire in the mixed wood boreal forest. Silva Fenn 36:289–306
Rillig, M.C., 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhizae, glomalin, and soil aggregation. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84:355–363.
Schreiner, R.P., Mihara, K.L., McDaniel, H., and Bethlenfalvay, G.J., 1997. Mycorrhizal fungi impudence plant and soil functions and interactions, Plant and Soil, 188: 199–209
Schroeder-moreno, M. S., Greaver, T.L., Wang, S., Hu, S., and Rufty, T. W., 2012. Mycorrhizal-mediated nitrogen acquisition in switch grass under elevated temperatures and N enrichment. GCB Bioenergy, 4: 266–276
Shariatmadari, H., 2011. Effects of fire on plant functional types (PFTs) in an arid (bazangan) and a semiarid (Jowzak) climate.MS thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
Stendell, E. R, Horton, T. R., Bruns, T. D., 1999. Early effects of prescribed fire on the structure of the ectomycorrhizal fungus community in a Sierra Nevada ponderosa pine forest. Mycological Research, Vol: 103. pp: 1353-1359.
Teste, F. P., Simard, S. W., Durall, D. M., 2009. Role of mycorrhizal networks and tree proximity in ectomycorrhizal colonization of planted seedlings. Fung Ecol 2:21–30.
Treseder, K., Mack, M., Cross, A., 2004. Relationships among fires, fungi, and soil dynamics in Alaskan boreal forests. Ecol Appl 14:1826–1838.
Valentine, J. F., 1989. Range Improvement and development, 3rd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California.524 P.
Wilson, G.W.T., Rice, C.W., Rillig, M.C., Springer, A., and Hartnett, D.C., 2009. Soil aggregation and carbon sequestration are tightly correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: results from long-term field experiments. Ecology Letters 12: 452–461. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 4,566 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,640 |