شناسایی گونه های فوزاریوم مرتبط با گندم، جو و ذرت در استان آذربایجان غربی

بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 6، دوره 12، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 46، بهمن 1395، صفحه 49-62   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/aej.2017.528886

نویسندگان

نبی خضری نژاد^{* 1}؛ یونس رضایی دانش²

¹عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد, گروه گیاهپزشکی

²گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه ارومیه ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

جنس فوزاریوم از قارچ‌های خاکزی است که اهمیت اقتصادی زیادی داشته و شامل گونه‌های بیماری‌زای گیاهی است که دامنه وسیعی از گیاهان از جمله گندمیان را آلوده می‌کنند. در این پژوهش، تنوع فوزاریوم‌های مرتبط با گندم، جو و ذرت، در استان آذربایجان غربی بطور مرفولوژیکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.نمونه‌های آلوده و مشکوک ریشه، طوقه و ساقه از مزارع محصولات مذکور جمع­آوری گردید. برای جداسازی از محیط‌های کشت سیب زمینی دکستروز آگار، محیط کشت نش و اسنایدر و محیط دیکلران کلرامفنیکل پپتون آگار استفاده شد. پس از خالص­سازی برای وادارسازی برخی جدایه‌ها به اسپورزایی و تولید اسپور‌های تیپیک، زنجیر کنیدیوم و کلامیدوسپور از محیط‌های کشت­های متنوعی استفاده شد. شناسایی جدایه‌ها بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت­شناسی و ریخت­سنجی آنها در محیط­های کشت و شرایط خاص و با استفاده از کلید‌های شناسایی معتبر صورت گرفت. در این بررسی 11 گونه از جنس فوزاریوم شامل Fusarium acuminatum، F. bactridioides،F. chlamydosporum، F. compactum ، F. coeruleum، F. culmorum، F.flocciferum، F. nygamai ، F. oxysporum، F. polyphialidicum  و F. solani  شناسایی گردید. بیشترین تنوع گونه­های شناسایی شده مربوط به جو و سپس به ترتیب گندم و ذرت بود.  گونه­های F. polyphialidicum، F. bactridioidesو F. coeruleum برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش می­شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

 تاکسونومی؛  تنوع زیستی؛  فلور قارچی؛  میکوفلور

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