Effects of Communal Crises on Selected Crops Production among Farmers in Langtang North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

International Journal Of Agricultural Science, Research And Technology In Extension And Education Systems

مقاله 5، دوره 6، شماره 2، اسفند 2016، صفحه 95-100   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

نویسندگان

Gyanden Kughur^* ؛ Shimayohol Daudu؛ Mtimbir Iornenege

Department of Agricultural Extension & Communication,University of Agriculture P.M.B. 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

چکیده

The study investigated the effects of communal crises on selected crops production among farmers in Langtang North local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted; four local government areas were selected in each of the local government selected, four villages affected by communal crises were selected purposively. In two of the villages selected, 24 respondents each (people affected by communal crises) were selected and 25 respondents each were also selected randomly in the other two villages giving a total of 98 respondents. Primary data were collected through administration of structured questionnaire; data gathered were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation. The findings revealed that 38.8% communal crises were caused by religion, 43.9% communal crises leads to loss of lives, 87.8% used assorted types of guns during communal crises and there was significant reduction in quantity and value of money on crops produced before and after communal crises. The study recommends that government should implement white paper reports on communal crises and religious organizations should continually organize inter-religious group public enlightenment programmes to encourage peaceful co-existence among believers of different faiths.

کلیدواژه‌ها

effects؛ communal crises؛ selected؛ crop production؛ farmers

مراجع

Adisa, R. S. and Adekunle, O. A. (2010). Farmer-Herdsmen Conflicts: A Factor Analysis of Socio-economic Conflict Variables among Arable Crop Farmers in North Central Nigeria. J Hum. Ecol, 30(1): 7-9.

Ban, K. (2007). A Climate Culprit in Darfur. Washington Post, 16 June.

Barlowe, B. (1978). Land Resource Economics: The Economic of Real Estate. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, P.55.

Chikaire, J., Atala, T. K., Akpoko, J. G. and Nnadi F. N. (2011). Factors Influencing Agricultural Land-Use Conflicts in Ohaji Area of Imo State, Nigeria. www.sciencepub.net/report

Cotula L, T. C and Hesse, C. (2004). Land Tenure and Administration in Africa: Lesson of Experience and Emerging Issues, IIED. Retrieved on Oct. 10 2005 from http://www.iies.org/drylands/pubs/ documents/ LT-cotula.pdf.

Ehrlich, I. (1973). Participation in illegitimate activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investment. Journal of Political Economy, 81(3): 521-522.

Falola, T. (1998). Violence in Nigeria: The Crisis of Religious Politics and Seccilar Ideologies. New York, University of Rochester Press. 21p

Famoriyo, S. (1983). Impact of Land Tenure on Agricultural Production in Nigeria. Paper presented at the Second World Congress on Land Policy, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 1.

Famoriyo, S. (1984). Data Needs in Agricultural Land Use in Nigeria. Paper presented at the ARMTI Seminar on Record Keeping and Agro-Statistics Data Bank in Nigeria. Ilorin 23rd – 25th April.

Famoriyo, S. (1987). Acquisition of Land and Compensation in Nigeria. In: Mortimore (ed.) Perspective on Land Administration in Northern Nigeria. Bayero University, Kano.

FEWS-NET (2005). Resource Based Conflict and Food Security. Available at http://www.fews.net/. Accessed on 13/9/2006.

Fiki, C. and  Lee, B. (2004). Conflict Generation, Conflict Management and Self-organizing Capabilities in Drought-prone Rural Communities in North-eastern Nigeria: A case study. Journal of Social Development in Africa, 19(2): 35-37.

Freeman, R. (1996).  Why so many young American Men Commit Crimes do and what might we do about it. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1): 25 -27.

Gefu, J. O. (2003). Land Tenure Systems in Nigeria. Land net, Nigeria, pp.9-11.

Henk-Jan, B., Cullen S. Hendrix, S. (2011). Food insecurity and Violent Conflict: consequences and Addressing the Challenges. World Food Programme. Occasional Paper  Number 24. 8p

Herbst, J.T. (2002). States and Power in Africa; Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control, Princeton University Press

Homer-Dixon, T. (1999). Environment, Scarcity, and Violence. Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Ikpeme, N. J. (2013). Small arms proliferation and its impact on communal conflict in Cross River State of Nigeria.Journal of Sociology. 21 (3):18.

Kahl, C. (2006). States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife in the Developing World. Princeton, Princeton

Krueger, A. B. and Maleckova, J. (2003). Education, Poverty and Terrorism: Is there a causal connection? Journal of Economics Perspectives. 17(4).

Kughur, P. G. and Umar, B. F. (2014). Communal Conflicts and Rural Livelihood in Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Development Studies, (9)8: 37-38.

Lee, B. (1999). Pragmatics of Community Organizing Mississauga, 3rd Edition, Canada: Common Act Press.

Lowe, R. G. (1986). Agricultural Revolution in Africa, Macmillan Publishers, London, pp.50

Messer, E., Cohen, M and Marchione, T. (2001). Conflict:  A cause and effect of hunger. Agricultural and rural development, 8 (2): 67p.

Momale, S. B. (2003). Resources Use Conflicts in Agricultural and Pastoral Areas in Nigeria. In: Gefu, J.O. (ed), Land Tenure Systems in Nigeria. Land Net, Nigeria, pp. 45 - 49.

NPC. (2006). National Population Commission, available on www. Population.gov.ng/ Retrieved 05-07-2011. Number 3-4 summer/Autumn

Onwudiwe, E. (2004). Communal Violence and the Future of Nigeria. Global Dialogue Vol.6

Philips, A. O. and Titilola, T. (1995).  Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices: Case Studies from Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: NISER, 15p

Piehl, A. M. (1998). Economic Conditions, work and crime in Michael (ed). Handbook on Crime and Punishment, Oxford. Oxford University Press.      

Robinson, J. (2002). States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Journal of Economic Literature, 40: 510-19.

Spelten, A. (1995). The impact of ethnic conflict on food supply situation in Africa, Agriculture and Rural Development, 2(2): 68p.