مقایسه عوامل مؤثر بر بهره‌وری نیروی کار در صنایع کوچک و بزرگ ایران: 1392-1373

مدیریت بهره‌وری

مقاله 5، دوره 11، 2(41)تابستان، شهریور 1396، صفحه 115-144   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محمد مولایی^{* 1}؛ آزاده شهاب²

¹استادیار دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، گروه اقتصاد

²کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، گروه اقتصاد

چکیده

صنایع کوچک و بزرگ گرچه ماهیتاً از نظر تعداد نیروی کار و میزان سرمایه با هم متفاوتند، ولی تولید بهینه آن ها به طور چشگیری تحت تأتیر بهره­وری نیروی کار می­باشد. هدف از این پژوهش، تحلیل و تبیین میزان اثر­گذاری عوامل مؤثر بر بهره­وری نیروی کار در صنایع کوچک و بزرگ ایران طی سال­های 1392-1373 است. برخی از عوامل مهمی که در افزایش بهره­وری نیروی کار مؤثرند، عبارتند از: سرمایه فیزیکی، سرمایه انسانی، سطح دستمزد واقعی، انباشت تحقیق و توسعه و شکاف تولید بالقوه و بالفعل. در این تحقیق، با استفاده از اطلاعات آماری مرکز آمار ایران برای گروه­های صنعتی نه گانه (I.S.I.C,Rev,2) و با استفاده از روش رگرسیونی پانل دیتا، اثر متغیر­های فوق بر متغیر نیروی­کار صنایع کوچک و بزرگ مورد تخمین و تحلیل قرارمی­گیرد. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر آن است که اثر عوامل فوق (بجز شکاف تولید) بر بهره­وری نیروی کار مثبت و میزان تأثیرپذیری آنها در صنایع کوچک بیشتر از صنایع بزرگ است. چنین نتیجه­ای مؤید آن است که عوامل تولید فوق(به جز تحقیق و توسعه)، در صنایع بزرگ نسبت به صنایع کوچک به طور بهینه مورد استفاده قرار نمی­گیرند و لذا میزان بهره­وری نبروی کار آن ها پایین است. بنابراین، باید برای بهبود بکارگیری عوامل فوق، جهت ارتقای بهره­وری نیروی کار در صنایع کوچک و بزرگ توجه بیشتری کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انباشت تحقیق و توسعه، سرمایه انسانی، شکاف تولید، صنایع کوچک و بزرگ طبقه بندی:JELJ24؛ L60؛ C23

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