اثر تاریخ کاشت و کود اوره بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان هشترود

بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 5، دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 48، شهریور 1396، صفحه 53-64   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/aej.2017.533201

نویسندگان

ایرج یعقوبیان¹؛ سعید قاسمی^{* 2}؛ یاسر یعقوبیان³

¹گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

²باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

³پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

در میان روش­ های زراعی، زمان کاشت و کوددهی اوره از فاکتورهای اصلی هستند که تا حد زیادی می­ توانند عملکرد را محدود کنند. به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و کود اوره بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد گندم، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1394 در مزرعه ­ای واقع در شهرستان هشترود اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت­ های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار تاریخ کاشت 5، 12، 19 و 26 مهرماه و سه سطح کود اوره 0، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار به ترتیب در کرت­ های اصلی و فرعی قرار گرفتند.‌ ارتفاع بوته، طول سنبله، طول پدانکل و طول برآمدگی پدانکل با افزایش سطح کود اوره افزایش و تأخیر در کاشت، سبب کاهش مقدار آنها شد. همچنین تأخیر در کاشت، وزن 1000 دانه و عملکرد دانه در واحد سطح گندم را کاهش داد. کاربرد کود اوره تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت را افزایش داد. در مجموع کاشت گندم در تاریخ 5 مهرماه و استفاده از 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره، در منطقه هشترود قابل توصیه می­ باشد

کلیدواژه‌ها

 آذر 2؛  کشت تأخیری؛  کود نیتروژنه؛  گندم پاییزه؛  منطقه سردسیر

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