تأثیر برونگرایی و روان‌رنجوری بر شادی در دانشجویان: نقش میانجی هوش هیجانی و بهزیستی روانی

دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی

مقاله 2، دوره 17، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 65، بهمن 1395، صفحه 13-25   

نویسندگان

پریناز سجادیان¹؛ مهرداد کلانتری^{* 2}؛ محمد رضا عابدی²؛ پریسا نیلفروشان²

¹دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران

²عضو هیأت علمی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش تبیین نقش ابعاد شخصیتی برونگرایی و روان‌رنجوری بر شادی با میانجیگری هوش هیجانی و بهزیستی روانی در دانشجویان از طریق الگوسازی معادلات ساختاری است. این مطالعه از نوع پژوهش‌های همبستگی با استفاده از مدل‌یابی علّی است. جامعۀ آماری 8670 دانشجوی کارشناسی دانشگاه اصفهان و دانشگاه صنعتی بود. نمونه‌ای 410 نفری به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شد. ابزارهای اندازه‌گیری شامل پرسشنامۀ شادی آکسفورد (آرگایل، 1989)، بهزیستی روانی (ریف، 1989)، مقیاس شخصیتی نئو (کاستا و مک‌کرا، 1992)، هوش هیجانی (باران،2000) بود. داده‌ها با رویکرد مدل‌سازی معادلۀ ساختاری کواریانس (نرم‌افزار Amos) و به روش تحلیل مسیر بررسی شد. یافته‌ها بیانگر آن بود که اثر مستقیم متغیرهای برونگرایی، روان‌رنجوری، هوش هیجانی و بهزیستی روانی بر متغیر شادی معنادار است (05/0>P < /font>). همچنین اثر غیرمستقیم متغیر برونگرایی و روان‌رنجوری بر متغیر شادی در صورتی که متغیرهای هوش هیجانی و بهزیستی روانی میانجی این دو متغیر باشند، معنادار است (05/0>P < /font>). به علاوه اثر غیرمستقیم متغیر هوش هیجانی بر شادی در صورتی که بهزیستی روانی میانجی باشد معنادار است (05/0>P < /font>). در نتیجه شادی به واسطۀ ابعاد شخصیتی، هوش هیجانی و بهزیستی روانی پیش‌بینی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شادی؛ برونگرایی؛ روان‌رنجوری؛ هوش هیجانی؛ بهزیستی روانی؛ دانشجویان

مراجع

Adeyemo, D.A. & Adeleye, A.T. (2008). Emotional intelligence, religiosity, and self-efficacy as predictors of psychological well-being among secondary school adolescents in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 1(19), 51-67. Albuquerque, I.Lima, M., Matos, M., & Figueiredo, C. (2013). The interplay among levels of personality: The mediator effect of personal projects between the big five and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(1), 235-250. doi:10. 1007/s10902-012-9326-6. Argyle, M. (2001). The Psychology of Happiness. London: Routledge. Augusto-Landa, J.M. (2011). Does Perceived Emotional Intelligence and Optimism / pessimism Predict Psychological Well-being? Journal of Happiness Studies. 12(3), 463. Austin, E.J., Saklofske, D.H., Rohr, B.A., & Andrews, J.W. (2007). Personality, emotional intelligence and exercise. Journal of Health Psychology, 12,937–948. Bar-on, R. (1997). Bar-on Emotional Quotient Inventory. Toronto: Multi Health System Inc. Bar-on, R. (2005). The impact of emotional intelligence on subjective well-being. Perspectives in Education, 23, 41–62. Bar-on. R, (2000). Emotional and social intelligence: insights from the emotional quotient inventory: In R. Bauer, W. (1976). China and the search for happiness: Recurring themes in four thousand years of Chinese cultural history. New York: The Seabury Press. Burns, R.A. & Machin, M.A. (2010). Identifying gender differences in the independent effects of personality and psychological well-being on two broad affect components of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(1), 22-27. ‏ Carmeli, A., Yitzhak-Halevy, M., & Weisberg, J. (2009). The relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological well-being. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(1), 66-78. Carr, A. (2004). Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strengths, Brunner- Routledge. Charles, ST., Gatz, M., Kato, K., Pedersen, NL. (2008). Physical health 25 years later: the predictive ability of neuroticism. Health Psychology, 27(3): 369–378. Chamorro-Premuzic, R., Bennett, E., & Furnham, A. (2007). The happy personality: mediating role of trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 1633 –1639. Cloninger, S. (2013). Theories of personality: Understanding persons (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morris, K. (2000). Research methods in educational by routleolege flamer, 5th edition. Costa, P.T., & McCrae, R.R. (1989). The Neo PIFFI: Manual Supplement., Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, Fl. Costa, P.T., & McCrae, R.R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. Dawda, D., & Hart, S.D. (2000). Assessing emotional intelligence: reliability and validity of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) in university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 797–812. Demir, M., & Weitekamp, L.A. (2007). I am so happy’cause today I found my friend: Friendship and personality as predictors of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(2), 181-211. Diener, E., & Lucas, R.R. (1999). Personality and subjective well-being. In E. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.). Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology. (pp. 213-229). New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575. Feldman, F. (2008). Whole life satisfaction concepts of happiness. Theoria, 74(3), 219-238. Diener, E. et.al. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143-156. Frederickson, B.L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300-319. Friborg, O., Barlaug, D., Martinussen, M., Rosenvinge, JH., Hjemdal, O. (2005). Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. Int J Methods Psychiatrists; 14:29-2. Gale, C.R., Booth, T., Mttus, R., Kuh, D., & Deary, I.J. (2013). Neuroticism and extraversion in youth predict mental wellbeing and life satisfaction 40 years later. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 687–697. Gallagher. E ,Vella-Brodrick,D. (2008). Social support and emotional intelligence as predictorsof subjective well being. Personality and Individual Differences. 44, 1551–1561. Garcia, D. (2011). Two models of personality and well-being among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(8), 1208-1212. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam. INR. Bar-on & J. Parker (EDS), A Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass. Jain, A.K., & Sinha, A.K. (2005).General Health in Organizations: Relative Relevance of Emotional Intelligence, Trust and Organizational Support, International, Journal of stress management, 12, 257-273. Jovanovic, V. (2011). Personality and subjective well-being: One neglected model of personality and two forgotten aspects of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 631–635. Kashdan, T.B. (2004). The assessment of subjective well-being (issues raised by the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire). Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1225–1232. Kashdan, T.B., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L.A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: Thecosts of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3, 219–233. Kokko, K.,Tolvanen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (2013). Associations between personality traits and psychological well being across time in middle adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 748–756. Koydemir, S., & Schütz, A. (2012). Emotional intelligence predicts components of subjective well-being beyond personality: A two-country study using self- and informant reports. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7, 107–118. Krejcei, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). "Determining sample size for research activities". Educational and psychological measurement, 30, 607- 610. Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J.R. (1998). Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 18, 765-794. Liu, Y., Wang, Z.H., & Li, Z.G. (2012). Affective mediators of the influence of neuroticism and resilience on life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 833–838. Lu, W., Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Zhang, H. (2014). Resilience as a mediator between extraversion, neuroticism and happiness, PA and NA. Personality and Individual Differences, 63, 128–133. Lu, L. (1995). The relationship between subjective well-being and psychosocial variables in Taiwan. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135, 351-357 Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803-855. Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C., & Dimatteo, M.R. (2006). What are the differences between happiness and self-esteem? Social Indicators Research, 78, 363-404. Mayer, J., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In D. Sluyter & P. Salovey (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3–31). New York: Basic Books. McCrae, R.R., & Costa, P. (2004). A contemplated revision of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 587-596. Mikolajczak, M., Nelis, D., Hansenne, M., & Quoidbach, J. (2008). If you can regulate sadness, you can probably regulate shame: Associations between trait emotional intelligence, emotion regulation and coping efficiency across discrete emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1356–1368. Palmer, B., Donaldson, C., & Stough, C. (2002). Emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1091-1100. Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., Perry, RP. (2002). Academic emotions in student’ self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research. Educational Psychologist.; 37(2): 91-105. Petrides, K.V., & Furnham, A. (2001). Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. European Journal of Personality, 15, 425-448. Petrides, K.V., & Furnham, A. (2003). Trait emotional intelligence: Behavioral validation in two studies of emotion recognition and reactivity to mood induction. European Journal of Personality, 17, 39-57. Petrides, K.V., Pe´rez-Gonza´ lez, J.C., & Furnham, A. (2007). On the criterion and incremental validity of trait emotional intelligence. Cognition and Emotion, 21, 26–55. Ryff, C.D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Exploration on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081. Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 1–28. Saklofske, D., Austin, E., & Minski, P. (2003). Factor structure and validity of a trait emotional intelligence measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 707-721. Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185–211. Schimmack, U. (2008). The structure of subjective wellbeing. In M. Eid & R.J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 97–123). New York: Guilford. Schimmack, U., Radhakrishnan, P., Oishi, S., Dzokoto, V., & Ahadi, S. (2002). Culture, personality, and subjective well-being: Integrating process models of life-satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 582–593. Schimmack, U., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G.G. (2008). The influence of environment and personality on the affective and cognitive component of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 89, 41–60. Schutte, N.S., Malouff, J.M., Simunek, M., McKenley, J., & Hollander, S. (2002). Characteristic emotional intelligence and emotional well-being. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 769–785. Senf, K., & Liau, A. (2013). The effects of positive interventions on happiness and depressive symptoms, with an examination of personality as a moderator. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(2), 591-612. doi:10. 1007/s10902-012-9344-4. Shiner, R.L., & Masten, A.S. (2012). Childhood personality as a harbinger of competence and resilience in adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 507–528. Shulman, T. and Hemovore, S. (2006). “Is dispositional emotional intelligence synonymous with personality?”, Self and Identity, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 147-71. Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well being. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 138-161. Suh, M., Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Triandis, H.C. (1998). The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 482–493. Thompson, M.G., & Heller, K. (1990). Facets of support related to well-being: Qualitative social isolation and perceived family support in a sample of elderly women. Psychology and Aging, 5, 535-544. Tugade, M.M., & Fredrickson, B.L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 320–333. doi:10. 1037/0022-3514. 86. 2. 320. Van der Linden, Dimitri., Tsaousis, Ioannis, Petrid, K.V. (2012). Overlap between General Factors of Personality in the Big Five, Giant Three, and trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 53, Issue 3, August 2012, Pages 175–179. Veenhoven, R. (1984). Conditions of happiness. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company. Veenhoven, R. (1989). Conditions of happiness. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group. Veenhoven, R. (2000). The four qualities of life - ordering concepts and measures of the good life. Journal of Happiness studies, 1, 1-39. Warnecke, A.J., Baum, C.A., Peer, J.R., & Goreczny, A.J. (2014). Inter correlations between individual personality factors and anxiety. College Student Journal, 48(1), 23-33. Waterman, A., Schwartz, S., & Conti, R. (2008). The implications of two conceptions of happiness (hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia) for the understanding of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 41-79. Werner, E.E., & Smith, R.S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Wortman, J. & Wood, D. (2011). The personality traits of liked people. Journal Research in Personality, 45,519-528. Wren-Lewis, S. (2014). How successfully can we measure well-being through measuring happiness? South African Journal of Philosophy, 33(4), 417-432. doi:10. 1080/02580136. 2014. 967597.