Optimizing Early Grafting of Persian Walnut by Evaluating Different Rootstocks, Covering Materials and Grafting Methods

Journal of Nuts

مقاله 2، دوره 08، شماره 02، اسفند 2017، صفحه 97-106   

نوع مقاله: Research Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jon.2017.536238

نویسندگان

Ahmad Raufi؛ Kourosh Vahdati؛ Soheil Karimi؛ Mahmoud Reza Roozban

Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran

چکیده

Grafting on epicotyl of young seedlings has been introduced as a simple and rapid method for walnut propagation. Although this technique improves the grafting success and propagation efficiency, it is technically more demanding than the conventional walnut grafting procedures and is yet to be optimized. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of rootstock type (dwarf and standard genotypes), graft union covering materials (perlite, sawdust, coco-peat and perlite at 1:1 ratio, and without cover - control) and different epicotyl grafting procedures (Gandev-Arnaudov and Frutos) on grafting success and performance of the grafted plants in order to optimize the walnut epicotyl grafting. Walnut seedlings were grown in a greenhouse. After four weeks, dormant shoots of walnut ‘Chandler’ were grafted to the epicotyl of young walnut seedlings. Grafting success and callusing quality were recorded 30 days after grafting. Growth parameters of the grafted plants, including number of nodes and length of internodes, height and diameter of scion, and survival of the grafted plants, were determined 150 days after grafting. Enhanced grafting success and performance of the grafted scions were obtained by following the Frutos’s procedure. Moreover, the highest grafting success (75.1%) and survival of the plants (91.7%) were obtained by using the dwarf rootstock and application of sawdust as graft union cover. In conclusion, performing walnut epicotyl grafting according to Frutos’s procedure by using dwarf genotypes as rootstock and covering the graft union with sawdust was suggested to obtain maximum propagation efficiency (68.7%).

کلیدواژه‌ها

Callus؛ Covering materials؛ Epicotyl grafting؛ growth؛ Juglans regia L؛ vegetative propagation

مراجع

Achim G, Botu I (2001) Results in walnut propagation by using different methods. Acta Horticulturae. 442, 503-510.

Alla N (2008) Apple dwarfing rootstocks and interstocks affect the type of growth units produced during the annual growth cycle: Precocious transition to flowering affects the composition and vigour of annual shoots. Annals of Botany. 101(5), 679–687.

Atefi J (1997) Study on phenological and pomological characters on walnut promising clones in Iran. Acta Horticulturae. 442, 101-109.

Dehghan B, Vahdati K, Rezaee R, Hassani D (2010) Mature walnut grafting (Topworking) as affected by grafting cover and scion cultivar. Acta Horticulture. 861, 353-360.

Frutos D (2009) Grafting walnuts in Spain: new techniques Instituto Murciano De Investigación Y DesarrolloAgrario Y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30.150, La Alberca, Murcia, 10-12 March. Spain.

Gandev S (2009) Propagation of walnut (Juglans regia L.) under controlled temperature by the methods of omega bench grafting, hot callus and epicotyl grafting. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 15(2), 105-108.

Gandev SI (2016) Application of hot callus and epicotyl grafting methods in walnut propagation. Acta Horticulturae. 1139, 475-478.

Gandev S, Arnaudov V (2011) Propagation method of epicotyl grafting in walnut (Juglans regia L.) under production condition. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 17(2), 173-17.

Hartmann HT, Kester DE, Davies FT, Geneve R (2001) Plant propagation: principles and practices.7th ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

Jaumien F, Faust M (1984) Stem anatomical structure of delicious and golden delicious apple hybrids with various growth dynamics. Acta Horticulturae. 146, 67-69.

Kaeiser M, Jones Jh, Funk DT (1975) Interspecific walnut grafting in the greenhouse. Plant Propagation. 20-21, 2-7.

Karadeniz T (2005) Relationships between graft success and climatic values in walnut (Juglans regia). Journal of Central European Agriculture. 6, 631-634.

Lopez JM (2001) Field behavior of self-rooted walnut trees of different cultivars produced by tissue culture and planted Muracia (Spain). Acta Horticulturae. 544, 543-547.

McGranahan GH, Leslie C (1990) Walnuts (Juglans). Acta Horticulturae. 290, 905-951.

Mukherjee SK, Das D (1980) Anatomical screening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) seedlings for use as dwarfing rootstock. Scientific Culture. 46, 333-336.

Potter D, Gao F, Baggett S, McKenna JR, McGranahan GH (2002) Defining the sources of Paradox: DNA sequence markers for North American walnut (Juglans L.) species and hybrids. Scientia Horticulturae. 94(1), 157-170.

Raofi A, Vahdati K, Karimi S, Rouzban MR (2016) Effects of scion properties on success and survival of walnut epicotyl grafting. Crops Improvement (Journal of Agricultural Crops Production). 18(1), 45-54. [In Persian].

Rezaee R, Vahdati K (2008) Introducing a simple and efficient procedure for top working Persian walnut trees. Journal of the American Pomological Society.62, 21-26.

Rezaee R, Vahdati K, Valizade M (2009) Viability of seedling vigor in Persian walnut as influenced by the vigor and bearing habit of the mother tree. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 84, 228-232.

Rongting Xi, Pinghai D (1990) Theory and practice of walnut grafting. Acta Horticulturae. 284, 69-89.

Rongting Xi, Pinghai D (1993) Effect of phenols on survival of walnut grafting. Acta Horticulturae 311, 134-140.

Chauhan IS and Sharma SD (1980) Veneer grafting, a new technique for walnut propagation. Fruit Science Repots 7, 45-48.

Suk-In H, Moon-Ho L, Yong- Seok J (2006) Study on new vegetative propagation method epicotyl grafting in walnut trees (Juglans spp). Acta Horticulturae. 705, 371-375.

Szoke F (1990) Soft grafting of walnut. Acta Horticulturae. 284, 27-31.

Unal A (1995) Studies on the effects of different practices on grafting success in bark, whip and top-cleft grafting in walnuts. E. U. Z. F. Dergisi Izmir, Turkey, 32, 85.

Vahdati K (2003) Nursery Management and Grafting of

 Walnut. 2nd edn. Khaniran Publishers, Tehran, Iran. 113 pp. [In Persian].

Weber GC, Mac Daniels LH (1969) Propagation, p. 29. In: R.A. Jaynes (Eds). Handbook of North American Nut Trees. Northern Nut Growers Assn., Knoxville, Tenn.