Foliar Application of Anti-frost Solution Influences Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Bougainvillea, Canna and Petunia

Journal of Ornamental Plants

مقاله 4، دوره 8، شماره 1، خرداد 2018، صفحه 35-47   

نوع مقاله: Research Paper

نویسندگان

Sahar Mirzaei^{* 1}؛ Morteza Khoshkhuy²؛ Behzad Edrisi³

¹Assistant Professor, Ornamental Plants Research Centre, Horticultural Science ResearchInstitute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran.

²Professor, Department of Horticulture Science, Shiraz University, Iran.

³Ornamental Plants Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran

چکیده

Frost is the coating or deposit of ice that may form in cold conditions, usually overnight. If the temperature drops far enough for the plant cells to freeze, non hardy plants will die. Therefore, a research was laid out to study the influence of an anti-frost solution on growth, flowers quality and biochemical parameters of ornamental plants. The anti-frost solution was applied as foliar sprays in different concentration of T₀: 0 (mg L^-1) (only water) as control, T₁: 250 (mg L^-1), T₂: 500 (mg L^-1), T₃: 1000 (mg L^-1), T₄: 1500 (mg L^-1), T₅: 2000 (mg L^-1) ‘ferti-fros’, on bougainvillea (Bougainvillea glabra(, canna (Canna indica) and petunia (Petunia axillaris). Results showed that flowering percentage and flowering duration in the treated plants was more than control. Highest flowering percentage and flowering duration was in T5 (81.22%) and (13.86 days), respectively. By increasing concentration of anti-frost solution, damaging percentage was decreased. Lowest damaging percentage was in T5 (69.77%). Total chlorophyll enhanced with increasing concentration of anti-frost solution. Highest amount of total chlorophyll belonged to T5 (50.80 mg g^-1). By comparing effect of different treatments on amount of prolineit was shown that control had highest amount of proline (0.56 μM g^-1). With increasing concentration of anti-frost, amount of proline was decreased T5 (0.08 μmol g^-1).Electrical conductivity was affected by different treatments in all flowers. Highest amount of electrical conductivity recorded for control (9.0 mS g^-1 cm^-1) and lowest amount was in T5 (2.26 mS g^-1 cm^-1). Difference of all the treatments was significant at 0.1% level of significance.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Chlorophyll؛ Cold؛ Electrical Conductivity؛ Proline

مراجع

Blum, A. and Ebercon, A. 1981. Cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Science, 21(1): 43-47.

Campos, P.S., Nia Quartin, V., Chicho Ramalho, J. and Nunes, M.A. 2003. Electrolyte leakage and lipid degradation account for cold sensitivity in leaves of Coffea sp. plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160(3): 283-292.

Cottee, N.S., Tan, D.K.Y., Bange, M.P. and Cheetham, J.A. 2007. Simple electrolyte leakage protocols to detect cold tolerance in cotton genotypes. World Cotton Research Conference, Lubbock, Texas, USA, 10-14 September.

Esra, K.O.Ç., İşlek, C. and Üstün, A.S. 2010. Effect of cold on protein, proline, phenolic compounds and chlorophyll content of two pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties. Gazi University Journal of Science, 23(1): 1-6.

Guy, C., Kaplan, F., Kopka, J., Selbig, J. and Hincha, D.K. 2008. Metabolomics of temperature stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 132(2): 220-235.

Hincha, D., Zuther, E. and Heyer, A.G. 2003. The preservation of liposomes by raffinose family oligosaccharides during drying is mediated by effects on fusion and lipid phase transitions. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1612(2): 172–177.

Johnson, W.S., Mills, L. and Hill, K.R. 1988. Preventing winter injury to landscape plants. Fact sheet-College of Agriculture, University of Nevada-Reno, Nevada Cooperative Extension, USA.

Kadam, G.B., Singh, K.P. and Singh, M.P. 2013. Effect of different temperature regimes on morphological and flowering characteristics in gladiolus (Gladiolus L.). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18(1): 49-54.

Klotke, J., Kopka, J., Gatzke, N. and Heyer, A.G. 2004. Impact of soluble sugar concentrations on the acquisition of freezing tolerance in accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana with contrasting cold adaptation - evidence for a role of raffinose in cold acclimation. Plant, Cell and Environment, 27(11): 1395–1404.

Knaupp, M., Mishra, K.B., Nedbal, L. and Heyer, A.G. 2011. Evidence for a role of raffinose in stabilizing photosystem II during freeze-thaw cycles. Planta, 234(3): 477–486.

Larcher, W. and Bauer, H. 1981. p. 403-437. In: Physiological plant ecology I, Ecological significance of resistance to low temperature. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Liu, W., Yu, K., He, T., Li, F., Zhang, D. and Liu, J. 2013. The low temperature induced physiological responses of Avena nuda L., a cold-tolerant plant species. The Scientific World Journal, Article ID 658793.

Marbach, I. and Mayer, A.M. 1985. The effect of temperature change on leakage from pea seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 36(3): 353-358.

Miralles-Crespo, J., Martínez-López, J.A., Franco-Leemhuis, J.A. and Bañón-Arias, S. 2011. Determining freezing injury from changes in chlorophyll fluorescence in potted oleander plants. HortScience, 46(6): 895-900.

Nägele, T. and Heyer, A.G. 2013. Approximating subcellular organisation of carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation in different natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytologist, 198(3): 777-787.

Nobari, F., Afshari, H., Miri, S.M. and Hokmabadi, H. 2012. An investigation of cold tolerance on chemical properties (proline, protein, and sugar) of the flower buds in four commercial cultivars of damghan local pistachio. Journal of Nuts, 3(2): 1-8.

Olson, A.R. and Steeves, T.A. 1983. Frost damage in flowers and immature fruits of Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.(Maloideae). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 63(2): 461-466.

Öquist, G. and Strand, M. 1986. Effects of frost hardening on photosynthetic quantum yield, chlorophyll organization, and energy distribution between the two photosystems in scots pine. Canadian Journal of Botany, 64(4): 748-753.

Pagter, M. and Williams, M. 2011. Frost dehardening and rehardening of Hydrangea macrophylla stems and buds. HortScience, 46(8): 1121-1126.

Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. 1985. p.148-149. In: Statistical methods for agricultural workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), NewDelhi.

Peterbauer, T. and Richter, A. 2001. Biochemistry and physiology of raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl cyclitols in seeds. Seed Science Research, 11(3): 185-197.

Pollock, C.J. 1986. Tansley review no. 5 fructans and the metabolism of sucrose in vascular plants. New Phytologist, 104(1): 1-24.

Saghfi, S. and Eivazi, A.R. 2014. Effects of cold stress on proline and soluble carbohydrates in two chickpea cultivars. International Journal of Current Microbiology Applied Science, 3(2): 591-595.

Schneider, T. and Keller, F. 2009. Raffinose in chloroplasts is synthesized in the cytosol and transported across the chloroplast envelope. Plant and Cell Physiology, 50(12): 2174–2182.

Schuch, U.K., Kelly, J.J. and Priebe, S. 2008. Damage on ornamental landscape plants resulting from the January 2007 freeze in Arizona. Turfgrass, Landscape and Urban IPM Research Summary. P-155.

Shin, H.K., Lieth, J.H. and Kim, S.H. 2000. Effects of temperature on leaf area and flower size in rose. In III International Symposium on Rose Research and Cultivation 547. May. pp. 185-191.

Singh, I., Kumar, U., Singh, S.K., Gupta, C., Singh, M. and Kushwaha, S.R. 2012. Physiological and biochemical effect of 24-epibrassinoslide on cold tolerance in maize seedlings. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 18(3): 229-236.

Stanley, C.J. and Warrington, I.J. 1988. Seasonal frost tolerance of some ornamental evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous tree and shrub species. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 16(3): 239-248.

Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics with special reference to the biological sciences. McGraw Hill, New York, 187-287.

Strand, A., Foyer, C.H., Gustafsson, P., Gardeström, P. and Hurry, V. 2003. Altering flux through the sucrose biosynthesis pathway in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana modifies photosynthetic acclimation at low temperatures and the development of freezing tolerance. Plant, Cell and Environment, 26(4): 523–535.

Strand, A., Hurry, V., Gustafsson, P. and Gardeström, P. 1997. Development of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves at low temperatures releases the suppression of photosynthesis and photosynthetic gene expression despite the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates. The Plant Journal, 12(3): 605–614.

Strand, A., Hurry, V., Henkes, S., Huner, N., Gustafsson, P., Gardeström, P. and Stitt, M. 1999. Acclimation of Arabidopsis leaves developing at low temperatures. Increasing cytoplasmic volume accompanies increased activities of enzymes in the Calvin cycle and in the sucrose-biosynthesis pathway. Plant Physiology, 119(4): 1387–1398.

Troll, W. and Lindsey, J. 1955. A photometric method for the determination of proline. Journal of biological chemistry, 215(2): 655-660.

Wells, M.L. 2008. Response of ‘Desirable’and ‘Kiowa’Pecan to a late-spring freeze. HortTechnology, 18(3): 455-459.