طراحی الگوی برنامه درسی پژوهش محوری در مطالعات اجتماعی دوره ابتدایی برای پرورش تفکر و خلاقیت در دانش آموزان

ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی

مقاله 1، دوره 7، شماره 3، اسفند 1396، صفحه 63-106   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

راحله قاضی اردکانی¹؛ حسن ملکی^{* 2}؛ علیرضا صادقی³؛ فریبرز درتاج⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات برنامه درسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران

²‏ استاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی دانشگاه تهران

³‏ استادیار دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران

⁴‏ استاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران

چکیده

زمینه: امروزه دانش آموزان برای ورود به عصر دانایی و روبه رو شدن با تحولات شگفت انگیز قرن بیست و یکم باید به طور فزاینده ای مهارت های پژوهش و حل مساله، روحیه ی جست و جوگری و مهارت های تفکر انتقادی و خلاق را برای تصمیم گیری مناسب و حل مسائل پیچیده در خود تقویت کنند، آموزش مهارت های تفکر و یادگیری از طریق روش های یاددهی – یادگیری فرایند مدار و مبتنی بر پژوهش یا حل مساله ضروری به نظر می رسد.
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه الگوی مطلوب برنامه درسی مطالعات اجتماعی بر اساس رویکرد پژوهش محوری انجام شد.
روش: پژوهش به روش کیفی- کمی انجام شد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق در فاز کیفی تفکرات و اندیشه های صاحبنظران درباره پژوهش محوری است که در قالب کتب، اسناد، مقالات، مجلات، متون و سایت های اینترنی مطرح شده است و در فاز کمی تمامی صاحبنظران تعلیم و تربیت در رشته برنامه ریزی درسی و حوزه مطالعاتی پژوهش محوری بود که به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند تعداد 15 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات در فاز کیفی تکنیک تحلیل محتوای گلیزر و استراوس و کاربرگ های تحلیل محتوا و در فاز کمی نیز پرسشنامه محقق ساخته متشکل از گویه های اهداف و محتوا در حوزه شناختی، ارزشی نگرشی و مهارتی بود. پس از برازش اهداف و محتوای مطالعات اجتماعی با توجه به مولفه های پژوهش محوری با تکنیک تحلیلی-استنتاجی اقدام به پیشنهاد روش های تدریس و ارزشیابی شد.
یافته ها: نتایج بدست آمده نشان می دهد که بر اساس مولفه های استخراجی اکثر قریب به اتفاق صاحبنظران اذعان داشتند که اهداف و محتوای برنامه درسی مطالعات اجتماعی بر اساس رویکرد پژوهش محوری باید ویژگی هایی همچون حل مساله، تفکر انتقادی، کنجکاوی، فعالیت محور بودن، خود رهبری و خلاقیت داشته باشند.همچنین با اتکا به مبانی نظری و تجربیات کشورهای پیشرو روش های تدریس(روش مساله محوری، کاوشگری، اکتشافی، بحث گروهی، ایفای نقش بدیعه پردازی، بارش مغزی و روش مشارکتی.) و روش های ارزشیابی:( ارزشیابی مداوم، خود ارزیابی، بحث آزاد، هدف آزاد، پوشه کار، ارزشیابی گروهی و فردی، بازخورد دوره ای، ارائه گزارش و همتایان سنجی)پیشنهاد شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

"پژوهش محوری"؛ " مطالعات اجتماعی"؛ "برنامه درسی"

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