راهکارهای طراحی طبیعت‌محور فضاهای آموزشی دوره ابتدایی برای تحقق اهداف برنامه درسی ملی

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

مقاله 8، دوره 15، شماره 56، اردیبهشت 1397، صفحه 109-131   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2018.539728

نویسنده

سیده سمیه میرمرادی^*

استادیار معماری، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل، ایران

چکیده

کودکی اولین و مهم‌ترین دورة زندگی آدمی است که در آن برای اولین بار مفهوم خود، طبیعت و روابط اجتماعی در آن شکل می‌گیرد. بر این اساس در هدف‌گذاری اصلی برای تدوین برنامه درسی ملی نیز به این اهداف برای کودکان پرداخته شده است. یکی از پرسش‌هایی که برای تحقق اهداف برنامه درسی به آن باید پاسخ داد چگونگی محیط فیزیکی است که امر آموزش و پرورش در آنجا رخ می‌دهد. از طرفی حضور طبیعت در طراحی فضاهای آموزشی نیز بنا بر مطالعات انجام شده، قابلیت‌های بسیار زیادی برای تأمین نیازهای مختلف کودکان در رشد و آموزش و پرورش داراست. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیراتی که طراحی با رویکرد طبیعت‌محور در فضاهای آموزشی دوره ابتدایی می‌تواند بر رسیدن به اهداف برنامه درسی ملی داشته باشد، شکل گرفته. پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعة توصیفی تحلیلی است که با روش کتابخانه‌ای و بررسی متون و استدلال منطقی شکل گرفته است. یافته‌های پژوهش شامل راهکارهای طراحی طبیعت‌محور برای دستیابی به اهداف برنامه درسی ملی می‌باشند که از مهم‌ترین آن‌ها می‌توان به استفاده از الگوهای طراحی پایدار در طراحی مدارس، طراحی دو حیاط جداگانه آموزشی و ورزشی اجتماعی، طراحی فضاهای نیمه‌باز آموزشی در مجاورت فضای کلاس‌ها، استفاده از دید بصری به فضای سبز طبیعی از فضاهای داخلی، استفاده از شیوه‌های باغ‌سازی ایرانی در طراحی محوطه‌ها، ایجاد تنوع فضایی با ایجاد فضاهای متنوع بسته، باز و نیمه‌باز، اشاره نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

برنامه درسی ملی؛ دوره ابتدایی؛ طبیعت؛ طراحی مدرسه

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