Influence of Zinc and Cadmium on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Journal of Crop Nutrition Science

مقاله 6، دوره 3، شماره 4، اسفند 2017، صفحه 65-75   

نویسندگان

Shokofeh Berenjani¹؛ Mohamad Reza Dadnia²؛ Mani Mojaddam²؛ Nazli Derogar³

¹M.Sc. graduated, Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

²Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

³Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده

This research was carried out as pod cultivation to evaluate effect of different level of zinc and cadmium on agro physiological traits of Maize via factorial experiment based on completelly randomized design with three replications along 2012-2013. The factors included different level of Zinc (Zn₁=0 or Control, Zn₂=15 and Zn₃=30 mg.kg^-1) and Cadmium (Cd₁=0 or control, Cd₂=10, Cd₃=20 and Cd₄=30 mg.kg^-1). The results showed that zinc and cadmium yield, chlorophyll a and b, cell membrane stability, malon di aldehyde and tyrosine significantly affect the probability of a percent. In soil treated with increasing concentrations of the increased seed yield and highest performance 30 mg treatment was achieved. Fell sharply with increasing cadmium performance and best results of treatment was observed. Among different concentrations of zinc, the best treatment to improve seed yield and biochemical characteristics was the treatment with 30 mg.kg^-1 zinc. In cadmium treatment, contrary to zinc treatment, as the concentration increased the studied traits decreased significantly, so that the best results were obtained by the control treatment. The results of the interaction effect of zinc and cadmium on the studied traits indicated the reduction of adverse effects of cadmium on corn by zinc, but the best results of the interaction effect of zinc and cadmium on all traits were associated with the Zn₃Cd₁ treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Chlorophyll, Corn؛ Micro nutrient, Seed yield

مراجع

Alloway, B. J. 1995. Heavy metals in soils. Blackie Academic and Professionals. J. New York. pp. 122-147.

Apel, K. and H. Hirt. 2010. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. J. Plant Biol. 366: 110–120.

Arnon, D. I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. J. Plant Physiol. 24: 1-15.

Bukvice, G., M. Antunovic, S. Poovic. andM. Rastiya. 2003. Effect of P and Zn fertilization on biomass, yield and its uptake by maize lines (Zea mays L.). J. Plant Soil Environ. 49: 505-510.

Cakmak, I. 2000. Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. J. New Phytologist. 146: 185-205.

DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00630.x

Cakmak, I. and J. Horst. 1991. Effect of aluminium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean (Glycine max). J. Physiologia Plantarum. 83: 463-468.

Chaab, A., A. Moezzi, Gh. Sayyad. and M. Chorom. 2016. Alleviation of Cadmium Toxicity to Maize by the Application of Humic acid and Compost. Life Sci. J. 13(12): 56-63.

Chaoui A., S. Mazhoudi, M. H. Ghorbal. and E. El-Ferjani. 1997. Cadmium and zinc induction of lipid peroxidation and effects on antioxidant enzyme activities in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) J. Plant Sci. 127: 139-147.

Clarke, J., W. Norvell, F. Clarke. and W. Buckley. 2002. Concentration of cadmium and other elements in the seed of near-isogenic durum lines. Canadian J. Plant Sci. 82(1): 27-33.

Dhopte, A. M,. and L. M. Manuel. 2002. Principles and techniques for plant scientists. 1^st Ed. Updesh Purohit for Agrobios (India), Odhpur. ISBN: 81-7754-116-1, pp: 373.

Duruibe, J. O., M. D. C. Ogwuegbu. and J. N. Egwurugwu. 2007. Heavy metal pollution and human bio-toxic effects. Intl. J. Physical Sci. 2: 112-118.

Enyisi, I. S., V. J. Umoh, C. M. Z. Whong, I. O. Abdullahi. and O. Alabi 2014.Chemical and nutritional value of maize and maize products obtained from selected markets in Kaduna State, Nigeria. African J. Food Sci. Tech. 5(4): 100-104.

DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.14303/ajfst.2014.029.

Food and Agriculture Organization. 2014. Statistics. (http://www.fao.org/statistics)

Gaines, C. G., G. S. Byng, R. J. Whitaker. and R. A. Jensen. 1982. Planta L-Tyrosine regulation and biosynthesis via arogenate dehydrogenase in suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana silvestris Speg. Et Comes. J. Planta. 156(3): 233-240.

Ghazvineh, S. and M. Yousefi. 2012. Study the effect of micronutrient application on yield and yield components of maize. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 12 (2): 144-147.

Goyer, R. A. 1997. Toxic and essential metal interactions. Annual Review of Nutrient. 17: 37–50.

Gnanasiri, S. P., H. Saneoka, K. Fujita. and Sh. Ogata. 1990. Cell membrane stability and leaf water relations as affected by nitrogen nutrition under water stress in maize. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 36:4, 653-659. DOI: 10.1080/00380768.1990.10416802.

Hani, A. and E. Pazira. 2001. Heavy metals assessment and identification of their sources in agricultural soils of Southern Tehran, Iran. J. Environ. Monitoring and Assessment. 176(1-4): 677-91.

Hart, J. J., R. M. Welch, W. A. Norvell. and L. V. Kochian. 2002. Transport interactions between cadmium and zinc in roots of bread and durum wheat seedlings, J. Physiologia Plantarum. 116: 73-78.

Hassan, M. J., G. Zhang, F. Wu, K. Wei. and Zh. Chen. 2005. Zinc alleviates growth inhibition an oxidative stress caused by cadmium. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 168: 255-261.

Ishikawa, T., R. Madhusudhan. and S. Shigeoka. 2010. Effect of cadmium on malon di aldehyde rate in maize. J. Plant Sci. 202: 1180–1189.

Kang, H. M. and M. E. Saltiveit. 2002.Chilling tolerance of maize, cucumber and rice seedling (leaves and roots) and differentially affected by salicylic acid. J. Physiol. Plantarum. 115(15): 577-576.

Köleli, N. S., S. Eker. and I. Cakmak. 2004. Effect of zinc fertilization on cadmium toxicity in dururn and bread wheat grown in Zn deficient soil. J. Environ. Pollution. 131: 453-459.

Li, X., N. Ziadi, G. Bélanger, Z. Cai. and H. Xu. 2011. Cadmium accumulation in wheat seed as affected by mineral N fertilizer and soil characteristics. Canadian J. Soil Sci. 91(4): 521-531.

Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants (2^nd Ed.). London: Academic Press. UK.

Mireles A. 2004. Heavy metal accumulation in plants and soil irrigated with waste water from Mexico City. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B. 220: 187-190.

Mousavi, S. R., M. Galavi. and G. Ahmadvand. 2007. Effect of zinc and manganese foliar application on yield, quality and enrichment on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Asian J. Plant Sci. 6: 1256-1260.

Podar, D., M. H. Ramsey. and M. J. Hutchings. 2004. Effect of cadmium, zinc and substrate heterogeneity on yield, shoot metal concentration and metal uptake by Brassica juncea: implications for human health risk assessment and phytoremediation. J. New Phytologist. 163: 313-324.

Sauerbeck, D. 2012. Which heavy metal concentrations in plants should be not exceeded in order to avoid detrimental effects on their growth? Land wirt schaftliche Forschung (Sonderheft). 39: 108-129.

Shojaei, H. and H. Makarian. 2015. The effect foliar application zinc yeild and yeild componant of mungbean the drought stress. Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 12(4): 727-737.

Srivastava, S., S. Mishra, R. D. Tripathi, S. Dwivedi. andD. K. Gupta. 2006. Copper induced oxidative stress and responses of antioxidants and phytochelatins in Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.). Royle Aquatic Toxicology. 80(4): 405–415.

Staggenborg, S. A., K. C. Dhuyvetter. and W. B. Gordon. 2008. Seed sorghum and corn comparisons: Yield, economics, and environmental responses. Agron. J. 100: 1600-1604.

Thalooth, A. T., N .M. Badr. and M. H. Mohamed. 2005. Effect of foliar spraying with Zn and different levels of phosphatic fertilizer on growth and yield of sunflower plants grown under saline conditions. Egyptian. J. Agron. 27: 11-22.

Tisdale, S. L., W. L. Nelson. and J. D. Beaten.1984. Zinc In soil Fertility and Fertilizers. Fourth edition, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Vassilev, A., C. F. Lidon, M. D. C. Matos, J. C. Ramalho. and I. Yordanov. 2002. Phytosynthetic performance and content of some nutrients in cadmium and copper treated barely plant. J. Plant Nutrante. 25: 2343-2360.

Verougstraete, V., D. Lison. and P. Hotz. 2003. Cadmium, lung and prostate cancer: a systematic review of recent epidemiological data, J. Toxicology and Environ. Health, part B: Critical Review. 6: 227-255.

Wang, C., S. H. Zhang, P. F.Wang, J. Hou, W. J. Zhang, W. Li. and Z. P. Lin. 2009. The effect of excess Zn on mineral nutrition and antioxidative response in rapeseed seedling. J. Chemosphere. 75(11): 1468-1476.

Wieczorek, J., Z. Wieczorek. and T. Bieniaszewski. 2005. Cadmium and lead content in cereal seeds and soil from cropland adjacent to roadways. Polish J. Environ. Studies. 14(4): 535-40.

White, M. C. and R. L. Chaney.1980. Zinc, Cd and Mn uptake by soybean from two Zn- and Cd-amended coastal. Plain soils. Soil Sci. Soc.Am. J. 44: 308-313.

Xia, L. H., H. M. Zhong, D. R. Wang, H. Wang, W. L. Zhou. and Y. X. Gu. 2004. Effect of mixed application of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers on yield increase of summer maize. J. Jilin Agri. Univ. 26: 538-541.

Zangin, F. K. and O. Munzuroglu. 2006. Toxic effect of cadmium on metabolism of sunflower seedling. J. Agri. Scandinavica. 56: 224-229.

Zayed, A. M. and N. Terry. 2003. Chromium in the environment: factors affecting biological remediation. J. Plant and Soil. 249: 139-156.

Zayed, B. A., A. K. M. Salem. and H. M. Sharkawy. 2011. Effect of different micronutrient treatments on rice (Oriza sativa L.) growth and yield under saline soil conditions World J. Agric. Sci. 7(2): 179-184.

Zhang, G., M. Fukami. and H. Sekimoto. 2002. Influence of cadmium on mineral concentrations and yield components in wheat genotypes differing in Cd tolerance at seedling stage. J. Field Crops Res. 77(2):93-8.