Photocatalytic oxidation of an organophosphorus simulant of chemical warfare agent by modified TiO2 nanophotocatalysts

Iranian Journal of Catalysis

مقاله 6، دوره 6، شماره 5، اسفند 2016، صفحه 447-454   

نوع مقاله: Articles

نویسنده

Abbas Besharati-Seidani^*

Department of chemistry, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده

TiO₂ nanoparticles, as a photocatalyst for oxidation of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) as an organophosphorus simulant of chemical warfare agent, were prepared by using sol-gel method. The prepared nanoparticles were then modified with transition metals in order to decrease the electron-hole recombination and increase the photocatalytic activity. Transition metal ions including Pt, Pd and Ni were used for this purpose. The prepared samples were characterized by different analysis methods, and Photocatalytic mechanism was studied over the unmodified and modified photocatalysts. The effect of some operational parameters such as catalyst dosage, initial DMMP concentration and type and amount of loading the transition metal on the photocatalytic activity was investigated. The results showed that the best photooxidation of DMMP was obtained with 1% Pd/TiO₂. The optimum conditions for catalyst dosage and initial DMMP concentration were 20 g L^-1 Pd and 0.138 M, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها

DMMP؛ Nanoparticles؛ Photooxidation؛ TiO2؛ Transition metals

مراجع

[1] S. Ghasemi, S. Rahimnejad, S. Rahman Setayesh, S. Rohani, M.R. Golami, J. Hazard. Mater. 172 (2009) 1573-1578.
[2] R.J. Tayade, R.G. Kulkarni, R.V. Jasro, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45 (2006) 5231-5238.
[3] C. Dominguez, J. Garcia, M.A. Pedraz, A.A. Torres, M.A. Galan, Catal. Today 40 (1998) 85-101.
[4] M.H. Habibi, E. Askari, Iran. J. Catal 1 (2011) 41-44.
[5] H. Faghihian, A. Bahranifard, Iran. J. Catal 1 (2011) 45-50.
[6] H.R. Pouretedal, S. Basati, Iran. J. Catal. 2 (2012) 51-55.
[7] H.R. Pouretedal, M. Ahmadi, Iran. J. Catal. 3 (2013) 149-155.
[8] S. Malato, J. Blanco, A.R. Fernández-Alba, A. Agüera, Chemosphere 40 (2000) 403-409.
[9] J.P. Percherancier, R. Chapelon, B. Pouyet, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 87 (1995) 261-266.
[10] R.A. Doong, W.H. Chang, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 107 (1997) 239-244.
[11] M. Kerzhentsev, C. Guillard, J.M. Herrmann, P. Pichat, Catal. Today 27 (1996) 215-220.
[12] M. Arami, N. Yousefi Limaee, N.M. Mahmoodi, N. Salman Tabrizi, J. Hazard. Mater. 135 (2006) 171-179.
[13] S. Gautam, S.P. Kamble, S.B. Sawant, V.G. Pangarkar, Chem. Eng. J. 110 (2005) 129-137.
[14] S Malato, J Blanco, M.I. Maldonado, P. Fernandez-Ibanez, A. Campos, Appl. Catal. B 28 (2000) 163-174.
[15] A.L. Linsebigler, G. Lu, J.T. Yates, Chem. Rev. 95 (1995) 735-758.
[16] M. Kaneko, I. Okura, Photocatalysis, Science and Technology, Springer, Germany, 2002.
[17] A. Hagfeldt, M. Graetzel, Chem. Rev. 95 (1995) 49-68.
[18] P.V. Kamat, Chem. Rev. 93 (1993) 267-300.
[19] N. Serpone, E. Pelizzetti, Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Application”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.
[20] A. Mills, S. Le Hunts, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 108 (1997) 1-35.
[21] M.A. Fox, M.T. Dulay, Chem. Rev. 93 (1993) 341-357.
[22] W.Y. Ching, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 (1990) 3135-3159.
[23] M.S. Ahmed, Y.A. Attia, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 186 (1995) 402-407.
[24] G. Balasubramanian, D.D. Dionysiou, M.T. Suidan, Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2004.
[25] J. Hagen, Industrial Catalysis: A Practical Approach, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Germany, 2006.
[26] I.K. Komstantinou, T.A. Albanis, Appl. Catal. B 49 (2004) 1-14.
[27] Y. Ishibai, J. Sato, T. Nishikawa, S. Miyagishi, Appl. Catal. B 79 (2008) 117-121.
[28] J.M. Kwon, Y.H. Kim, B.K. Song, S.H. Yeom, B.S. Kim, J.B. Im, J. Hazard. Mater. 134 (2006) 230-236.
[29] E. Bizani, K. Fytianos, I. Poulios, V. Tsiridis, J. Hazard. Mater. 136 (2006) 85-94.
[30] S.L. Bartelt-Hunt, D.R.U. Knappe, M.A. Barlaz, Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tech. 38 (2008) 112-136.
[31] A. Besharati-Seidani, M.R. Gholami, Iran. Chem. Chem. Eng. J. 34-1 (2015) 39-49.
[32] M. Padervand, M. Tasviri, M.R. Gholami, Chem. Papers 65 (2011) 280-288.
[33] M.N. Rashed, A.A. El-Amin, Int. J. Phys. Sci. 2 (2007) 73-81.