گیاه پالایی، دست آوردی سبز برای پالایش سیاهی

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 9، دوره 11، شماره 44، دی 1395، صفحه 88-100   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مژگان فرزامی سپهر^{* 1}؛ عباس هانی²

¹استادیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساوه‌، ساوه،ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساوه، ساوه، ایران

چکیده

این بررسی به وضعیت فنآوری گیاه پالایی با تاکید خاص بر استخراج گیاهی از خاک آلوده به فلزات سنگین می‌پردازد. برخلاف ترکیبات آلی خاک، فلزات سنگین قابل تجزیه نمی‌باشند و پاکسازی آنها معمولا با جداسازی آنها انجام می‌گیرد. بسیاری از فن آوری‌های رایج، پرهزینه و محدودکننده حاصلخیزی خاک می‌باشند، بنابراین، این عمل باعث ایجاد اثرات منفی بر اکوسیستم می‌گردد. گیاه پالایی یک روش مقرون به صرفه، سازگار با محیط زیست، با رویکردی زیبا و دل انگیز، مناسب برای کشورهای در حال توسعه است. با وجود این پتانسیل، گیاه پالایی، تکنولوژی تجاری در دسترس در ایران است. این مقاله در مورد متحرک بودن، فراهمی زیستی و پاسخ گیاه به حضور فلزات سنگین خاک می‌پردازد. طبقه‌بندی گیاهان با توجه به مکانیسم استخراج گیاهی و در مسیر  فلز در گیاهان انجام می‌شود. به تکنیک‌های مختلف به‌منظور افزایش استخراج گیاهی و استفاده از محصولات بعدی گیاه پالایی، پرداخته شده است. از آنجا که مقدار زیادی زیتوده در طول این فرایند گیاه پالایی تولید می‌گردد، دفع زیتوده نیز نیاز به  مدیریت مناسب دارد. گیاهان با زیتوده بالا برای محدود کردن عبور آلاینده به زنجیره غذایی انتخاب می‌گردند که غیر خوراکی، مقاوم به بیماری باشند و بتواند انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر ارائه کنند. بنابراین روش استخراج گیاهی برای استفاده در موقعیت فعلی کشورمان  مناسب‌تر از سایر روش‌ها خواهد بود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

استخراج گیاهی؛ بیش انباشتگر؛ شاخص؛ گونه‌های استخراج کننده؛ عناصر سنگین

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