پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک و فعالیت‌های آنتی اکسیدان در برگ پرچم و سنبله ژنوتیپ‌های گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تنش خشکی

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 46، تیر 1396، صفحه 15-30   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

پریسا شریفی؛ نیر محمدخانی^*

مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه به­منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی پس از گرده افشانی بر صفات زراعی و برخی از ویژگی­های فیزیولوژیکی برگ پرچم و سنبله ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف گندم  به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل (آبیاری و ژنوتیپ گندم) و سه تکرار اجرا گردید. دو سطح فاکتور آبیاری شامل-شاهد (آبیاری در تمام مراحل رشدی بر اساس شرایط کشت آبی) و تنش خشکی (قطع آبیاری پس از گرده افشانی تا پایان دوره رشد) و سطوح ژنوتیپ­های گندم را (SHARK و TEVEE'S'//CROW/VEE'S: حساس، Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 و Sabalan: نیمه متحمل، Sardari HR-86 و Dogu88/Ghafghaz 7: متحمل به خشکی) تشکیل دادند و صفات زراعی و فیزیولوژیکی اندازه گیری شدند. تنش خشکی باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه از طریق کاهش وزن هزار دانه شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به ژنوتیپ نیمه متحمل Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 و کمترین عملکرد مربوط به ژنوتیپ SHARK بود. نتایج تحقیق مشخص ساخت که در تیمارهای تحت تنش محتوای پروتئین محلول در برگ پرچم و سنبله نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بیشترین و کمترین محتوا به ترتیب مربوط به ژنوتیپ‌های Sardari HR-86 و SHARK - و در سنبله بیشترین محتوای پروتئین محلول در ژنوتیپ Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 و کمترین آن مربوط به ژنوتیپ SHARK بود. بررسی­ها همچنین مشخص ساخت که فعالیت آنزیم­های پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز تحت تنش خشکی افزایش یافت. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم‌ها در برگ پرچم در ژنوتیپ متحملSardari HR-86 و در سنبله در ژنوتیپ نیمه متحملManning/Sdv1/Dogu8  در آخرین مرحله نمونه برداری مشاهده شد. همچنین ژنوتیپ‌های حساس کمترین فعالیت آنزیمی را نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده به نظر می­رسد که در ژنوتیپ نیمه متحمل Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8، فعال شدن سیستم دفاعی آنزیم­های پراکسیداز وسوپراکسیددیسموتاز نقش موثری در افزایش تحمل به تنش خشکی داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنزیم؛ پروتئین؛ تحمل؛ تنش خشکی؛ گندم

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