ارزیابی اثرات تنش آبی و کود کمپوست زباله شهری بر شاخص‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و اجزای عملکردی گیاه عدس (Lens culinaris Medik)

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 4، دوره 12، شماره 46، تیر 1396، صفحه 42-56   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

راهله احمدپور^* ؛ سعیدرضا حسین زاده

گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران

چکیده

کود کمپوست به سبب دارا بودن مواد مغذی فراوان، ظرفیت نگه­داری آب بالا، تنظیم کننده­های رشد گیاهی و وجود ریزجانداران مفید می­تواند خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک را بهبود و تأثیر مطلوب بر رشد و نمو گیاهان داشته باشد. به این منظور آزمایشی با هدف بررسی تأثیر کود کمپوست بر شاخص­های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی گیاه عدس تحت تنش کمبود آب به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و در محیط باز در دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان به اجراء درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل 5 سطح اختلاط کمپوست و خاک (با نسبت­های وزنی 100:0، 95:5، 85:15، 75:25 و 65:35) و 3 سطح تنش آبی شامل بدون تنش، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید (به‌ترتیب آبیاری در سطح 75، 50 و 25 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بین سطوح مختلف کمپوست و تنش ­آبی در تمامی صفات مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی­داری وجود داشت. مقایسه میانگین­ها نشان داد که در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش ملایم، استفاده از مخلوط کمپوست و خاک در سطوح 25 و 35 درصد وزنی منجر به افزایش معنی­دار ارتفاع بوته، سطح برگ، تعداد برگ، وزن خشک ریشه، سطح ریشه، کلروفیل a و نسبت کلروفیل a/b در مقایسه با سطوح شاهد شد. در شرایط تنش شدید، کاربرد کمپوست در سطح 35 درصد وزنی منجر به افزایش معنی­دار تعداد برگ، سطح برگ، طول ریشه و میزان کلروفیل a گشت. لذا استفاده از مخلوط کود ­کمپوست و خاک به­خصوص با نسبت 65:35 به منظور بهبود خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و عملکردی گیاه عدس در شرایط تنش آبی ملایم (یا شدید) توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزای عملکرد؛ تنش خشکی؛ خصوصیات ریشه؛ سطح برگ؛ محتوای کلروفیل

مراجع

 

Aggelides, S.M. and Londra, P.A. (2000). Effect of compost produced from town wastes and sewage sludge on the physical properties of a lomy and clay soil. Bioresource Technology. 71: 235-259.

Ahmadpour, R. and Bahrami, T. (2016). Influence foliar application of compost tea under water deficit stress of lentil plant by assessment of morphological parameters. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistary. 1(2): 40-51.

Ahmadpour, R., Hosseinzadeh, S.R. and Chashiani, S. (2016). Study of root morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in response to moisture stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Echophysiological Resarch. 2(2): 123-135. (In Persian with English abstract).

Amiri, H., Ismaili, A.and Hosseinzadeh, S.R. (2017). Influence of vermicompost fertilizer and water deficit stress on morpho-physiological features of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. karaj). Compost Science and Utilization. 26: 1-14.

Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C., Dick, R.and Dick, L. (2007). Compost tea production and plant growth impacts. Biocycle. 48:51-52.

Archana, P.P., Theodore, J.K.R., Ngyuen., V.H., Stephen, T.T. and Kristen, A.K.(2009). Vermicompost extracts influence growth, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients and antioxidant activity in pak choi (Brassica rapa cv. Bonsai) grown under compost and chemical fertiliser. Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture. 89: 2383-2392.

Armand, N., Amiri, H.and Ismaili, A. (2015). Effects of foliar application of methanol on yield and yield components of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under water deficit stress conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 9(2): 231-242. (In Persian with English abstract).

Arndt, S.K.K., Clifford. S.C., Wanek. W., Jones, H.G. and Popp, M. (2001). Physiological and morphological adaptations of the fruit tree Ziziphus rotundifolia in response to progressive drought stress. Tree Physiology. 21: 705-715.

Bayoumi, T.Y., Eid, M.and Metwali, E.M. (2008). Application of physiological and biochemical indices as a screening technique for drought tolerance in wheat genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7: 2341-2352.

Bender Özenç, D.(2006). Effects of composted hazelnut husk on growth of tomato plants. Compost Science and Utilization. 14: 271-275.

Bender Özenç, D. (2008). Growth and transpiration of tomato seedlings grown in Hazelnut Husk compost under water-deficit stress. Compost Science and Utilization. 16: 125-131.

Bohra, A., Pandey, M.K., Singh, B., Singh. I.P., Datta, D., Nadarajan,N. and Varshney, R.K.(2014). Genomics-assisted breeding in four major pulse crops of developing countries: present status and prospects. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 127: 1263-1291.

Davison, J.(1988). Plant beneficial bacteria. Biotechnology 6:282-286.

FAO. (2014). http://www.fao.org.

Flexas, J. and Medrano, H. (2008). Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C₃-plants: Stomatal and non-stomatal limitation revisited. Annual of Botany. 183: 183-189.

Gajalakshmi, S. and Abbasi, S.A. (2002). Effect of the application of water hyacinth compost/vermicompost on the growth and flowering of Crassandra undulaefolia, and on several vegetables. Bioresource Technology. 85: 197-199.

Gamze, O., Mehmet Demir, K.A.and Mehmet, A.T. (2005). Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Foresty. 29: 237-242.

Ganjeali, A. and Bagheri, A. (2011). Evaluation of morphological characteristics of root chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in response to drought stress. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research. 1(2): 101-110. (In Persian with English abstract).

Ganjeali, A., Porsa, H. and Bagheri, A. (2011). Assessment of Iranian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasms for drought tolerance. Agriculture Water Management. 98: 1477-1484.

Guerfel, M., Baccouri, O., Boujnah, D., Cha, W.and Zarrouk, M. (2008). Impacts of water stress on gas exchange, water elations, chlorophyll content and leaf structure in the two main Tunisian olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae. 1: 1-7.

Hargreaves, J.C., Adl, M.S. and Warman, P.R. (2008). A review of the use of composted municipal solid waste in agriculture. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment. 123: 1-14.

Hornick, S.B. (1998). Use of organic amendments to increase the productivity of sand and gravel soils: Effect on yield and composition of sweet corn. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture. 3:156-62.

Hosseinzadeh, S.R., Amiri, H. and Ismaili, A. (2016). Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Photosynthetica.  54 (1): 87-92.

Huerta, E., Vidal, O., Jarquin, A., Geissen, V.and Gomez, R. (2010). Effect of vermicompost on the growth and production of Amashito Pepper, interactions with Earthworms and Rhizobacteria. Compost Science and Utilization. 18: 282-288.

Keles, Y. and Oncel, I. (2004). Growth and solute composition on two wheat species experiencing combined influence of stress conditions. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 51: 203-208.

Lakhdar, A., Rabhi, M., Ghnaya, T., Montemurro, F., Jedidi, N. and Abdelly, C. (2009). Effectiveness of compost use in salt-affected soil. Hazardous Materials. 171(3): 29-37.

Lichtenthaler, H.K. and Wellburn, A.R. (1983). Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf in different solvents. Biology and Soceity Transcription. 11: 591-592.

Loggini, B., Scartazza, A., Brugonli, E., and Navari-Izzo, F. (1999). Antioxidative defense system, pigment composition, and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to water. Plant Physiology. 119: 1091-1099.

Marinari, S., Masciandaro, G., Ceccanti, B.and Grego, S. (2000). Influence of organic and mineral fertilisers on soil biological and physical properties. Bioresource Technology. 72: 9-17.

Muscolo, A., Bovalo, F., Gionfriddo, F.and Nardi, F. (1999). Earthworm humic matter produces auxin-like effects on Daucus carota cell growth and nitrate metabolism. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 31: 1303-1311.

Mylavarapu, R.S. and Zinati, G.M. (2009). Improvement of soil properties using compost for optimum parsley production in sandy soils. Scientia Horticulturae. 120: 426-430.

Niakan, M. and Habibi, M. (2016).The effect of cytokinin on growth indicators and photosynthesis of Cucurbita maxima L. under different levels of drought. Journal of Iranian Plant Echophysiological Resarch. 11(42): 56-65.

Oweis, T., Hachum, A.and Pala, M. (2005). Lentil production under supplemental irrigation in a Mediterranean environment. Agriculture Water Management. 68: 251-265.

Panahyan-e-Kivi, M., Ebadi, A., Tobeh, A. and Jamaati-e-Somarin, S.H. (2009). Evaluation of yield and yield components of lentil genotypes under drought stress. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences. 3: 456-460.

Parsa, M. and Bagheri, A. (2008). Legumes. Mashhad University Jahad Press. (In Persian).

Rahbarian,R.,Khavari-Nejad,R., Ganjeali, A., Bagheri, A.R. and Najafi, F. (2011). Drought stress effects on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and water relations in tolerant and susceptible chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. 53: 47-56.

Saeidi, M. and Abdoli, M. (2015). Effect of drought stress during grain filling on yield and its components, gas exchange variables, and some physiological traits of wheat cultivars. Journal of Agricaltural and Tecnology. 17 (4): 885-898.

Samiran, R., Kusum, A., Biman, K.D.and Ayanadar, A. (2010). Effect of organic amendments of soil on growth and productivity of three common crops viz. Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris and Abelmoschus esculentus. Applied Soil Ecology. 45: 78-84.

Siva, M.A., Da Silva, J.A.and Sharma, S.(2007). Use of physiology parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology. 19: 193-201.

Tan, K.H. (2003). Humic Matter in Soil and Environment: Principles and Controversies. CRC Press, New York, 408 p.

Wilson, D.P., Carlile, W.R.and Vidal, O. (1989). Plant growth in potting media containing worm-worked duck waste. Acta Horticulturae. 238: 205-220.