Taguchi optimization of photodegradation of yellow water of trinitrotoluene production catalyzed by nanoparticles TiO2/N under visible light

Iranian Journal of Catalysis

مقاله 8، دوره 7، شماره 4، اسفند 2017، صفحه 317-326   

نوع مقاله: Articles

نویسندگان

Hamid Reza Pouretedal^* ؛ Mohammad Fallahgar؛ Fahimeh Sotoudeh Pourhasan؛ Mohammad Nasiri

Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Malek-ashtar University of Technology, Shahin-Shahr, I. R. Iran.

چکیده

Taguchi experimental design technique was used for optimization of photodegradation of yellow water sample of trinitrotoluene (TNT) production process. The nanoparticles of doped N-TiO₂ were also used as photocatalysts in the photodegradation reaction under visible light. The ranking of data based on signal to noise ratio values showed that the importance order of the factors affecting the degradation efficiency was: the nature of photocatalyst > time of photodegradation > amount of photocatalyst > initial concentration of pollutant. The optimized conditions were photocatalyst of TiO₂/N_0.1 photocatalyst dosage of 1.5 g L^-1 and dilution times of 750 for real samples. The photocatalyst of TiO₂/N_0.1 was analyzed by BET surface analysis, X-ray diffraction pattern, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and diffuse reflectance spectra (DTS). Relatively high surface area of 150 m²×g^-1, anatase/rutile structure, approximately uniform distribution of nanoparticles size and band-gap energy of 2.92 eV were measured for TiO₂/N_0.1 nanophotocatalyst. A linear model with the regression coefficient (R²) of 0.887 was obtained by the multiple linear regression analysis. The proposed model was "Degradation efficiency (Y) = 20.492 + 1.461 X₁ + 6.330 X₂ + 0.014 X₃ + 2.291 X₄". The obtained P-values in the confidence level of 95% were < 0.05, showing a meaningful addition in the model. Therefore, changes in the predictor’s value are due to changes in the response variable.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Taguchi method؛ Doped TiO2 nanophotocatalyst؛ Yellow water؛ Photodegradation

مراجع

[1] G. Taguchi, S. Konishi, Taguchi methods, orthogonal arrays and linear graphs, tools for quality American supplier institute, American Supplier Institute (1987) p. 8-35.
[2] D. Fratilia, C. Caizar, J. Cleaner Prod. 19 (2011) 640-645.
[3] K. Raghukandan, K. Hokamoto, P. Manikandan, Met. Mater. Int. 10 (2004) 193-197.
[4] M. Barreto-Rodrigues, F.T. Silva, T.C.B. Paiva, J. Hazard. Mater. 164 (2009) 385–388.
[5] G. El Diwani, S. El Rafie, S. Hawash, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 6 (2009) 619-628.
[6] J. Rodgers, N. Bunce, Water Res. 9 (2001) 2101–2111.
[7] B. Khodadadi, Iran. J. Catal. 6 (2016) 305-311.
[8] A. Besharati-Seidani, Iran. J. Catal. 6 (2016) 447-454.
[9] H.R. Pouretedal, A.M. Sohrabi, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 13 (2016) 73-79.
[10] C. Di Valentin, E. Finazzi, G. Pacchioni, A. Selloni, S. Livraghi, M.C. Paganini, E. Giamello, Chem. Phys. 339 (2007) 44–56.
[11] R. Asahi, T. Morikawa, H. Irie, T. Ohwaki, Chem. Rev. 114 (2014) 9824-9852.
[12] T. Kaur, A. Pal Toor, R. Kumar Wanchoo, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 95 (2015) 494-507.
[13] G. Colon, M. Maicu, M.C. Hidalgo, J.A. Navio, Appl. Catal. B 67 (2006) 41–51.
[14] P. Pongwan, K. Wetchakun, S. Phanichphant, N. Wetchakun, Res. Chem. Intermed. 42 (2016) 2815-2830.
[15] R. Jaiswal, J. Bharambe, N. Patel, Alpa Dashora, D.C. Kothari, A. Miotello, Appl. Catal. B 168 (2015) 333-341.
[16] A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, M. Bahrami, Desalin. Water Treat. 55 (2015) 1096-1104.
[17] H. Zabihi-Mobarakeh, A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 26 (2015) 315-321.
[18] H. Fallah Moafi, Iran. J. Catal. 6 (2016) 281-292.
[19] H.R. Pouretedal, B. Afshari, Desalin. Water Treat. 57 (2016) 10941-10947.
[20] F. Wei, Y. Zhang, F. Lv, P.K. Chu, Z. Ye, J. Hazard. Mater. 197 (2011) 352–360.
[21] H.R. Pouretedal, S. Sabzevari, Desalin. Water Treat. 28 (2011) 247–254.
[22] H.R. Pouretedala, M.H. Keshavarz, J. Alloys Compd. 501 (2010) 130–135.
[23] S.S. Madaeni, S. Koocheki, Chem. Eng. J. 119 (2006) 37–44.
[24] V. Mirkhani, S. Tangestaninejad, M. Moghadam, M.H. Habibi, A. Rostami Vartooni, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 6 (2009) 800-807.
[25] H.R. Pouretedal, O. Shevidi, M. Nasiri, F. Sotodeh Pourhasan, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 13 (2016)2267-2274.
[26] Y. Cong, J. Zhang, F. Chen, M. Anpo, J. Phys. Chem. C 111 (2007) 6976-6982.
[27] H.R. Pouretedal, M.H. Keshavarz, A. Abbasi, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 12 (2015) 487–502.
[28] S.M. El-Sheikh, T.M. Khedr, A. Hakki, A.A. Ismail, W.A. Badawy, D.W. Bahnemann, Sep. Purif. Technol. 173 (2017) 258–268.
[29] E.M. Samsudin, S. Bee Abd Hamid, Appl. Surf. Sci. 391 (2017) 326–336.
[30] Y. Zhang, K. Cheng, F. Lv, H. Huang, B. Fei, Y. He, Z. Ye, B. Shen, Colloids Surf. A 452 (2014) 103-108.
[31] H.M. Yadav, J.S. Kim, S.H. Pawar, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 33 (2016) 1989-1998.
[32] S. Aghdasi, M. Shokri, Iran. J. Catal. 6 (2016) 481-487.
[33] S.J. Darzi, A.R. Mahjoub, S. Sarfi, Iran. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. 9 (202) 17-23.
[34] H. Derikvandi, A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, J. Hazard. Mater. 321 (2017) 629-638.
[35] S. Azimi, A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 408 (2015) 152-160.
[36] M.E. Olya, A. Pirkarami, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 32 (2015) 1586-1597.