ارزیابی روابط عملکرد دانه و برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک در ژنوتیپ‌های گندم نان در شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 1، دوره 13، 1(49) بهار، اردیبهشت 1398، صفحه 1-24   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jcep.2019.664834

نویسندگان

سامان معتضدی¹؛ سعید سیف زاده^{* 2}؛ رضا حق پرست³؛ حمیدرضا ذاکرین²؛ حمید جباری⁴؛ جهانفر دانشیان⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

²عضو هیات علمی،گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

³موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

⁴موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

روابط بین عملکرد دانه با برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و تعیین اهمیت نسبی هر یک از آنها، در 25 ژنوتیپ گندم نان از نظر14صفت مورفوفیزیولوژیک طی آزمایشی در دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط مزرعه طی سال­های زراعی 1395-1393در شرایط آب و هوایی غرب کشور (ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم سرارود کرمانشاه) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که صفات مورد بررسی، به جز طول سنبله، تفاوت معنی­داری در دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی داشتند. در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی، صفات مذکور مقادیر معنی­دار بالاتری را نسبت به شرایط دیم نشان دادند. انجام آبیاری تکمیلی منجر به کاهش دمای سطح برگ و دمای کانوپی گردید. ضرایب همبستگی ساده بین صفات در هر دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی نشان داد که صفات پایداری غشای سلولی، طول برگ پرچم، عملکرد کاه و کلش، محتوای آب نسبی، وزن هزار دانه، محتوای کلروفیل، دمای برگ و دمای کانوپی همبستگی معنی­دار بالایی با عملکرد دانه دارند. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون همچنین نشان داد که صفات عملکرد کاه وکلش و طول برگ پرچم در شرایط دیم و صفات عملکرد کاه و کلش، طول برگ پرچم، محتوای آب نسبی و عملکرد سنبله در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی وارد مدل رگرسیونی شدند و به­ترتیب 741/0 و 899/0 از کل تغییرات مربوط به عملکرد دانه را تبیین نمودند. تجزیه علیت نشان داد که بیشترین اثر مستقیم مثبت به عملکرد کاه و کلش و طول برگ پرچم تحت شرایط دیم و عملکرد کاه و کلش، محتوای آب نسبی، طول برگ پرچم و عملکرد سنبله تحت شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی ارتباط داشت و این امر نشان­دهنده اهمیت این صفات بر عملکرد دانه می­باشد. در هر دو شرایط، عملکرد کاه و کلش بیشترین اثر مستقیم و مثبت را بر عملکرد دانه دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تجزیه همبستگی؛ تجزیه علیت؛ عملکرد کاه و کلش؛ طول برگ پرچم؛ صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک

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