Market-Oriented or Not: A Gender Situation Analyses of Small Holder Sweet potato Farmers in South East Nigeria

International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development

مقاله 7، دوره 10، شماره 1، خرداد 2020، صفحه 87-100   

نوع مقاله: Research Article

نویسندگان

Amala Christiana Okoye^{* 1}؛ Jude Anayochukwu Mbanasor²؛ Benjamin Chukwuemeka Okoye,³

¹Sweetpotato Research Programme, National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria

²Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria

³National Root Crops Research Institute Umudike P.M.B. 7006 Umuahia Abia State, Nigeria

چکیده

Farmers can only be market oriented if his/her production plan follows market signals and produce commodities that is more marketable. In other to achieve it, this study provided empirical evidence on the gender analyses of market orientation in South-East, Nigeria. A stratified sampling design was used to select 360 sample respondents in 2017. Market Orientation Index (MOI) and Heckit selectivity model were used to estimate the level of market orientation and determinants of market orientation respectively. The results show a mean market orientation score (0.17 and 0.59) for the male and female sweet potato farmers respectively, indicating low level of market orientation especially for the male farmers. The coefficients for age, educational level, capital, area cultivated with sweet potato, farming experience, marketing experience, native of community, and road conditions were positive and household size negative and significantly related to market orientation for female farmers. Coefficients for age, household size, level of education, transportation cost, native of community, and marketing experience were positive and distance from farm to the market was negative and significantly related with market orientation for the male farmers. The coefficients for gender were negative and significant at 5% and 1% for probability of being market oriented and level of market orientation respectively, indicating that the female farmers were more likely to be market oriented compared to their male counterparts. The study therefore calls for policies on promoting farmers access to land (particularly the female farmers), availability and the use of quality planting seed and establishment of formal sweet potato market.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Market-orientation؛ commercialization؛ genderandselectivity model

مراجع

Agwu, N.M. (2009). Determinants of profitability among plantain marketers in Abia State, Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Development Studies, 7(1), 49– 58.

Agwu, N.M., & Ibeabuchi, J.O (2011). Socio-Economic analysis of wholesale rice marketers in Abia State, Nigeria. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1, (4), 285-288.

Alene, A.D., Manyong, V.M, Omanya, G., Mignouma, H.D., Bokanga, M., & Odhiambo, G., (2008). Smallholder market participation under transactions costs: Maize supply and fertilizer demand in Kenya. Food Policy, 33, 318–28.

Arega, D. A., Manyong, V. M., Omanya, G., Mignouna, H. D., Bokanga, M., & Odhiambo, G. D. (2007). Smallholder marketed surplus and input use under transactions costs: Maize supply and fertilizer demand in Kenya. In AAAE Ghana Conference Proceedings. pp. 125–130.

Barrett, B.C. (2007). Smallholder market participation: Concepts and evidence from eastern and Southern Africa. Prepared for FAO Workshop on staple food trade and market policy options for promoting development in Eastern and Southern Africa, Rome,

Benmehaia, M., & Brabez, F. (2017). An empirical analysis of Vertical integration determinants among peasant farmers in Northern Algeria. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 7(2), 257-266

Berhanu, G., & Moti, J. (2012).Market orientation and market participation of smallholders’ in Ethiopia: Implications for commercial transformation. Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) Triennial Conference, Foz do lguacu, Brazil, 18-24 August, 2012.

David, S., & Madu, T. (2014). A gender situation analysis of Sweetpotato production in Nigeria, Reaching Agents of Change Project, International Potato Center (CIP) and Helen Keller International (HKI). Unpublished report.

De Janvry, A., Fafchamps, M., & Sadoulet, E. (1991). Peasant household behavior with missing markets: Some paradoxes explained. Journal of Economic Development and Sustainability, 101(409), 1400-1417.

Gabre-Madhin, E.Z. (2001). Market institutions, Transaction Costs, and Social Capital in the Ethiopian Grain Market. Research Report 124. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C.

Gebremedhin, B., Jaleta, M., & Hoekstra, D. (2009). Smallholders, institutional services, and commercial transformation in Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics and Supplement Journal, 40(1), 773–787.

Gebremedhin, B., & Hoekstra, D. (2008). Market orientation of smallholders in selected grains in Ethiopia: Implications for enhancing commercial transformation of subsistence agriculture IPMS (Improving Productivity and Market Success) of Ethiopian Farmers Project Working Paper 11. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 44 pp.

Gebremedhin, B., & Hoekstra, D. (2007). Cereal marketing and household market participation in Ethiopia: The Case of Teff, Wheat and Rice. AAAE Conference Proceedings, 243-252.

Gebremedhin, B., & Jaleta, M. (2010). Commercialization of Smallholders: Is Market Participation Enough? Joint 3^rd African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE) and 48^th Agricultural Economists Association of South Africa (AEASA) Conference, Cape Town, South Africa.

Heckman, J. (1979). Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica, 47,153–161. .http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1912352

Heierli, U., & Gass, T. (2001). Enhancing employment and income generation in Rural Areas. Paper submitted to the Operations Committee of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (DEZA) on 11 October [online]. Retrieved from www.deza.admin/themen (Accessed 17/02/2003).

Hinderink, J., & Sterkenburg, J.J. (1987). Agricultural commercialization and government policy in Africa. KPI Limited, New York.

Immink, M.D.C., & Aarcon, J.A.  (1993). Household income, food availability, and commercial crop production by smallholders farmers in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Journal of Economic Development and Cultural Change, 41,319-342

Key, N., Sadoulet, E., & De Janvry, A. (2000). Transaction costs and agricultural household supply response. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 82(2), 245-259.

Kohli, A.K., &Jaworski, B.J.  (1990). Market orientation: The construct, research propositions, and managerial implications. Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 1- 18.

Makhura, M.T., Kirsten, J., &Delgado, C. (2001). Transaction costs and smallholder participation in the maize market in the Northern Province of South Africa. Paper Presented at Seventh Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Conference, February 11-15, Pp. 463-467.

Okoye, B.C., Abass, A., Bachwenkizi, B., Asumugha, G., Alenkhe, B., Ranaivoson, R., Randrianarivelo, R., Rabemanantsoa, N., & Ralimanana, I. (2016). Effect of transaction costs on market participation among smallholder cassava farmers in Central Madagascar.  Cogent Economics and Finance Journal, 4, 1143597.

Olagunju, F.I., Fakayode, S.B., Babatunde, R.O., & Ogunwole-Olapade, F.(2013). Gender analysis of Sweet Potato production in Osun State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 2(1), 1-13.

Omiti, J.M., Otieno, D.J., Nyanamba, T.O. & Mccullough, E. (2009). Factors influencing the intensity of market participation by small holder farmers: A case study of rural and Peri Urban Areas of Kenya. Afjare, 3(1), 57-82.

Ouma, E., Jagwe, J., Obare, G.A., &Abele, S. (2010). Determinants of smallholder farmers' participation in Banana Markets in Central Africa: The role of transaction costs. Agricultural Economics Journal, 41,111–122.

Pender, J., & Alemu, D. (2007). Determinants of smallholder commercialization of food crops: Theory and evidence from Ethiopia. Discussion Paper No. 75, IFPRI, Washington D.C

Pingali, L.P. (2001). Environmental consequences of agricultural commercialization in Asia. Environment and Development Economics Journal, 6,483-502.

Pingali, L.P., & Rosegrant, M.W. (1995). Agricultural commercialization and diversification: Process and Polices. Journal of Food Policy, 20(3), 171-185.

Rios, A. R, Masters, W.A., &Shively, G.E (2008). Linkages between market participation and productivity: Results from a Multi-Country farm household sample. Paper prepared for presentation at the American Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA), Annual Meeting, Orlando, F.L, July 27 -29.

Sadoulet, E. & De Janvry, A. (1995). Quantitative development policy analysis. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 72p.

Selnes, F., Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A.K. (1996). Market orientation in United States and Scandinavian Companies: A cross-cultural study. Scandinavian Journal ofManagement, 12(2), 139-157.

Singh, R.H., Seepersad, G., & Rankine, L.B. (2008). Competitiveness and industry development strategies. The Caricom Regional Transformation Programme for Agriculture the Sweet Potato Industry in Caricom UK, 53p.

Siziba, S., Nyikahadzoi, K., Diagne, A., Fatunbi, A.O., & Adekunle, A.A. (2011). Determinants of Cereal Market Participation by sub-Saharan Africa smallholder farmer in Tesfa. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, 2(1), 180-193.

Stifel, D., & Minten, B. (2008). Isolation and agricultural productivity. Journal of the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE), 39 (1), 1–15.

Vakis, R., Sadoulet, E & de Janvry, A (2003). Measuring transactions costs from observed behavior: Market choices in Peru. CUDARE Working Papers, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Berkeley, USA.

Von Braun, J., & Immink, M.D.C (1994). Non-Traditional vegetable crops and food security among smallholder farmers in Guatemala. In: von Braun, J., and E. Kennedy (Eds.). Agricultural commercialisation, economic development and nutrition. London: JohnsHopkins University Press.