Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles control the growth of Aspergillus flavus and its aflatoxin production

International Journal of Nano Dimension

مقاله 1، دوره 10، شماره 4، دی 2019، صفحه 320-329   

نوع مقاله: Reasearch Paper

نویسندگان

Priti Kumari¹؛ Harish Kumar²؛ Jitendra Kumar²؛ Mohammad Sohail³؛ Krisnha Singh³؛ Kamal Prasad^{* 4}

¹Aryabhatta Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Patna, 800001 India.

²Department of Botany and Biotechnology, College of Commerce, Arts and Science, Patna, 800020, India.

³University Department of Zoology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, 825301, India.

⁴University Department of Physics, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, 812007, India.

چکیده

The infection of Aspergillus flavus and its aflatoxin production pose a severe threat to humans, animals as well as plants life. Their inhibition using green techniques are considered as one of the important challenges. The present study outlines the antifungal activity of the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized from lemongrass leaf extract and their effect on the mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus and its aflatoxins production. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of aflatoxins were determined, respectively using thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometric methods. The X-ray diffraction as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies indicated the formations of hexagonal ZnO NPs having the sizes ranged between 7 and 14 nm. FTIR spectrum confirmed the formation of ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs displayed 92.25% inhibition of the growth of A. flavus and 100% inhibition of the aflatoxins production at the concentrations of 200 µl/mL and 150 µl/mL respectively. The present biosynthetic method is a simple, cost-effective, eco-friendly, high yield, green and handy protocol capable of synthesizing ZnO NPs, which might have accomplished due to the activities of plant metabolites and phytochemicals available in the lemongrass leaves parenchyma. This study revealed that ZnO NPs have the potential to forbid the growth of A. flavus and its aflatoxins production. Hence, ZnO NPs could be used in the plant protection and as a preservative for safe storage of food commodities to prevent A. flavus contamination and aflatoxins poisoning in coming future.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Aflatoxin؛ Aspergillus flavus؛ Green synthesis؛ Lemongrass؛ Plant Fungal Pathogens؛ Plant Protection؛ ZnO Nanoparticles

مراجع

[1]     Mishra A., Dubey N., (1994), Evaluation of some essential oils for their toxicity against fungi causing deterioration of stored food commodities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1101–1105.

[2]     Sharma A., Sharma K., (2012), Protection of maize by storage fungi and aflatoxin production using botanicals. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Res. 3: 215-221.

[3]     Patten R. C., (1981), Aflatoxins and disease. The Am. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene. 30: 422–425.

[4]     Williams J. H., Phillips T. D., Jolly P. E., Stiles J. K., Jolly C. M., Aggarwal D., (2004), Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: A review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences, and interventions. The Am. J. Clin. Nutrition. 80: 1106–1122.

[5]     Ma Z., Michailides T. J., (2007), Approaches for eliminating PCR inhibitors and designing PCR primers for the detection of phytopathogenic fungi. Crop. Protect. 26: 145–161.

[6]     Jones H. C., Chancey J. C., Morton W. A., Dashek W. V., Llewellyn G. C., (1980), Toxic responses of germinating pollen and soybeans to aflatoxins. Mycopathologia 72: 67–73.

[7]     Prakash B., Mishra P. K., Kedia A., Dwivedy A. K., Dubey N. K., (2015), Efficacy of some essential oil components as food preservatives against food contaminating molds, aflatoxin B₁ production and free radical generation. J. Food Quality. 38: 231–239.

[8]     Jayashree T., Subramanyam C., (2000), Oxidative stress as a prerequisite for aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. Free Radical Biol. Med. 29: 981–985.

[9]     Shanmugam S., Xu J., Boyer C., (2015), Exploiting metalloporphyrins for selective living radical polymerization tunable over visible wavelengths. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137: 9174–9185.

[10]   Akther T., Khan M. S., Srinivasan H.,(2018), A facile and rapid method for green synthesis of silver myco nanoparticles using endophytic fungi. Int. J. Nano Dimens. 9: 435-441.

[11]   Palithya S., Kotakadi V. S., Pechalaneni J., Challagundla V. N., (2018), Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Andrographis serpyllifolia and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Int. J. Nano Dimens. 9: 398-407.

[12]   Fatema S., Shirsat M., Farooqui M., Arif P. M., (2019), Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle using aqueous extract of Saraca asoca leaves, its characterization and antimicrobial activity.Int. J. Nano Dimens. 10: 163-168.

[13]   Ghotekar S., (2019), A review on plant extract mediated biogenic synthesis of CdO nanoparticles and their recent applications. Asian J. Green Chem. 3: 187-200.

[14]   Narasimha G.,Sridevi A., Prasad B. D., Kumar B. P.,(2014), Chemical synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity against a clinical isolate Staphylococcus aureus. Int. J.Nano Dimens. 5: 337-340.

[15]   Dobrucka R., Dlugaszewska J., Kaczmarek M., (2018), Cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles using of Chelidonium majus extract. Biomed. Microdevices. 20: 5-13.

[16]   Jamdagni P., Rana J. S., Khatri P., Nehra K., (2018),Comparative account of antifungal activity of green and chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles in combination with agricultural fungicides. Int. J. Nano Dimens. 9: 198-208.

[17]   Senthilkumar N., NandhaKumar E., Priya P., Soni D., Vimalan M., Potheher I. V., (2017), Synthesis, anti-bacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-oxidant and in-vitro cytotoxicity activities of ZnO nanoparticles using leaf extract of Tectona Grandis(L.). New J. Chem. 41: 10347-10356.

[18]   Mozdoori N., Safarian S., Sheibani N., (2017), Augmentation of the cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles by MTCP conjugation: Non-canonical apoptosis and autophagy induction in human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cell lines. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 78: 949–959.

[19]   Reddy A. R. N., Srividya L., (2018), Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using human cell lines. J. Toxicol. Risk Assess. 4: 009, 3 pages.

[20]   Wang J., Gao S., Wang S., Xu Z., Wei L., (2018), Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce toxicity in CAL27 oral cancer cell lines by activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Int. J. Nanomed. 13: 3441–3450.

[21]   Sanaeimehr Z., Javadi I., Namvar F., (2018), Antiangiogenic and antiapoptotic effects of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Sargassum muticum algae extraction. Cancer Nano. 9: 3, 16 pages.

[22]   Rittner M. N., (2002), Nanostructured materials. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 81: 33–36.

[23]   Mazzola L., (2003), Commercializing nanotechnology. Nature Biotechnol. 21: 1137–1143.

[24]   Hackenberg S., Scherzed A., Harnisch W., Froelich K., Ginzkey C., Koehler C., Hagen R., Kleinsasser N., (2012), Antitumor activity of photo-stimulated zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with paclitaxel or cisplatin in HNSCC cell lines. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 114: 87–93.

[25]   Guo D., Wu C., Jiang H., Li Q., Wang X., Chen B., (2008), Synergistic cytotoxic effect of different sized ZnO nanoparticles and daunorubicin against leukemia cancer cells under UV irradiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 93: 119–126.

[26]   Kalemba D., Kunicka A., (2003), Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Curr. Med. Chem. 10: 813–829.

[27]   Silva Cde B., Guterres S. S., Weisheimer V., Schapoval E. E., (2008), Antifungal activity of the lemongrass oil and citral against Candida spp. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 12: 63–66.

[28]   Rati E., Prema V., Shantha T., (1987), Modification of Pons's method of estimating aflatoxin B₁ in corn, groundnut and groundnut cake. J. Food Sci. Technol. 24: 90–91.

[29]   Prasad K., Jha A. K., (2009), ZnO nanoparticles: Synthesis and adsorption study. Nat. Sci. 1: 129–135.

[30]   Jha A. K., Kumar V., Prasad K., (2011), Biosynthesis of metal and oxide nanoparticles using orange juice. J. Bionanosci. 5: 162–166.

[31]   Prasad K., Jha A. K., (2016), Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from goat slaughter waste for environmental protection. Int. J. Cur. Eng. Tech. 6: 147–151.

[32]   Jha A. K., Prasad K., (2013), Rose (Rosa sp.) petals assisted green synthesis of gold nanoparticles. J. Bionanosci. 7: 1–6.

[33]   Christopher E. E., Ernest E. A., Daniel N. E., (2014), Phytochemical constituents, therapeutic applications and toxicological profile of Cymbopogon citratus stapf (DC) leaf extract. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 3: 133–141.

[34]   Gupta A. K., Ganjewala D., (2015), Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Cymbopogon flexuosus leaves extract and their antibacterial properties. Int. J. Plant. Sci. Ecology. 1: 225–230.

[35]   Jha A. K., Prasad K., Prasad K., Kulkarni A. R., (2009), Plant system: Nature's nanofactory. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 73: 219–223.

[36]   Shalaka A. M., Chaudhari P. R., Shidore V. B., Kamble S. P., (2011), Rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cymbopogan Citratus (lemongrass) and its antimicrobial activity. Nano-Micro Lett. 3: 189–194.

[37]   Guzmán, D., Ruiz-Herrera J., (1997), Relationship between aflatoxin biosynthesis and sporulation in Aspergillus parasiticus. Fungal Genet. Biol. 21: 198–205.

[38]   Hopwood D. A., (1988), The Leeuwenhoek lecture, 1987-Towards an understanding of gene switching in Streptomyces, the basis of sporulation and antibiotic production. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. B. 235: 121–138.

[39]   Van Rensburg S. J., Cook-Mozaffari P., Van Schalkwyk D. J., Van der Watt J. J., Vincent T. J., Purchase I. F., (1985), Hepatocellular carcinoma and dietary aflatoxin in Mozambique and Transkei. British J. Cancer. 51: 713–726.

[40]   Doyle M. P., Marth E. H., (1978), Degradation of aflatoxin by lactoperoxidase Abbau von aflatoxin durch lactoperoxidase. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung. 166: 271–273.