Methanol stem extract of Parquetina nigrescens (Asclepiadaceae) possesses memory-enhancing potential in acute mice models of cognition

Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)

مقاله 4، دوره 9، شماره 4، تیر 2019، صفحه 197-207   

نوع مقاله: Original article

نویسندگان

Mahmud Bukhari^{* 1}؛ Aishatu Shehu²؛ Yahaya Mohammed Sani³؛ Garba Muhammad Magaji²

¹Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

²Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

³Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

چکیده

Background and Aim: Parquetina nigrescens is an important plant in the Southwestern part of Nigeria used as memory enhancer. This study aimed to investigate the memory enhancing effect of the methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens (MSEPN). 
Experimental: Phytochemical screening was carried out on the extract and the oral median lethal dose (LD50) determined using the OECD 425 limit test. The effects of MPN (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on learning and memory was evaluated in elevated plus maze (EPM), Barnes maze (BM) and novel object recognition test (NORT). The locomotive activity was studied using the open field test (OFT). The antiamnesic effect of the extract was assessed in EPM. 
Results: The phytochemical constituents in MSEPN were tannins, saponins, phenolics, carbohydrates and unsaturated sterols. The LD50 was ≥ 5000mg/kg. Piracetam and the extract significantly (p≤0.05) decreased transfer latencies (TL) on day 1 and 2 in EPM. In the BM, the escape latencies and escape errors were decreased significantly (p≤ 0.05, p≤ 0.01) at 250 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The time spent in target quadrant (TSQ) was significantly (p≤ 0.01) increased at 250 and 500 mg/kg of extract. Piracetam significantly decreased escape latency (p≤ 0.05), escape errors (p ≤ 0.01) and increased TSQ. Discrimination index in the NORT was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased. The extract did not significantly alter the number of square cross (NSC) and rearing (NR) but significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased TL increased by diazepam on day 1. Piracetam increased NSC and NR and significantly (p≤ 0.01, p≤ 0.05) decreased TL on day 1 and 2 in EPM. 
Recommended applications/industries: The memory enhancing potential of MSEPN can be applied in the treatment of amnesia.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Learning؛ Memory؛ Parquetina nigrescens؛ Piracetam؛ Diazepam

مراجع

Adsersen, A., Gauguin, B., Gudiksen, L. and Jager, A.K. 2006. Screening of plants used in Danish folk medicine to treat memory dysfunction for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 104(3): 418-422

Aggleton, J.P., Albasser, M.M., Aggleton, D.J., Poirier, G.L. and Pearce, J.M. 2010. Lesions of the rat perirhinal cortex spare the acquisition of a complex configural visual discrimination yet impair object recognition. Behavioural Neuroscience, 124(1): 55–68.

Akirav, I., Sandi, C., and Richter-Levin, G. 200. Differential activation of hippocampus and amygdala following spatial learning under stress. European Journal of Neuroscience, 14(4):719–725.

Albasser, M.M., Davies, M., Futter, J.E. and Aggleton, J.P. 2009. Magnitude of the object recognition deficit associated with perirhinal cortex damage in rats: effects of varying the lesion extent and the duration of the sample period. Behavioural Neuroscience, 123:115–124.

Ayinde, B. A., Ofeimun, J.O., Muhammad, K., Farooq, A.D. and Muhammad, I.C. 2015. Growth inhibitory evaluations of four Nigerian medicinal plants against cancer cells, with active cytotoxic fractions from the leaves of Parquetina nigrescens.  Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 1(9): 3241-3245.

 Balkrishna, A. and Misra, L.N. 2017. Ayurvedic plants in brain disorders: the herbal hope. Journal of Traditional Medicine and Clinical Neuropathy, 6(2): 221-229.

Barnes, C.A. 1979. Memory deficit associated with senences: a neurophysiological and behavioural study in rat. Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology, 93: 74-104.

Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy D., Pergamin L., Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J., and Van IJzendoorn M. H. 2007. Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychology Bulletin, 133: 1–24.

Baxter, M.G. 2010 “I’ve seen it all before”: explaining age-related impairments in object recognition. Behavioural Neuroscience, 124:706–709.

Borokini, T.I.,  Ighere, D.A., Clement, M.,  Ajiboye, T.O. and Alowonle, A.A. 2013. Ethnobiological Survey of Traditional Medicine Practice for The Treatment of Piles and Diabetes Mellitus in Oyo State. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 5(1):30.

Brickman, A.M. and Stern Y. 2009. Aging and memory in humans. Encyclopaedia of neuroscience, 1: 175-180.

Brown, R. E., Corey, S. C. and Moore, A. K. 1999. Differences in measures of exploration and fear in MHC-congenic C57BL/6J and B6-H-2K mice. Behavior Genetics, 26: 263-271.

Burkill, H.M. 1985. The useful plants of West tropical Africa. 2nd edition. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Chintawar, S.D., Somani, R.S., Veena, S. and Kasture, S.B. 2002. Nootropic activity of Albizzia lebbeck in Mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 81: 299-305.

Carroll, M.E. and Overmier, J.B. 2001. Animal research and human health: Advancing human welfare through behavioral science. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.

Dhingra, D., M. Parle, and Kulkarni, S.K. 2004. Memory enhancing activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (91)2-3: 361–365.

Deepika, S., Munish, P., Ashok, K., Tiwary, N.S.and Amteshwar, S.J.2010. Antiamnesic effect of stevioside in scopolamine-treated rats.  Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 42(3): 164–167. doi:  10.4103/0253-7613.66840.

Devi, W.B., Sengottuvelu, S., HajaShrief, S., Lalitha, V. and Sivakumar, T. 2011. Memory enhancing activities of Ficus religiosa leaves in Rodents. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda Pharmacy, 2(3): 834-8.

Elufioye, T.O., Oladele, A.T., Cyril-Olutayo, C.M., Agbedahunsi, J.M. and Adesanya S.A. 2012. Ethnomedicinal study and screening of plants used for memory enhancement and antiaging in Sagamu, Nigeria. European Journal of Medicinal Plants 2(3): 262-275.

Ennaceur, A. 2010. One-trial object recognition in rats and mice: methodological and theoretical issues. Behavioural Brain Research, 215:244–254.

Evans, W.C. 1996. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 14th ed. London: Hawoust Brace and Company Asia PTE.

Fond, G.1., Micoulaud-Franchi, J.A., Macgregor, A., Richieri, R., Miot, S., Lopez, R., Abbar, M., Lancon, C. and Repantis, D.  2015. Neuroenhancement in Healthy Adults, Part I: Pharmaceutical Cognitive Enhancement: ASystematicreview. Clinical Research  and  Bioethics, 6(2): 213-227.

Gbadamosi I.T. 2015. An inventory of ethnobotanicals used in the management of sickle cell disease in Oyo State. Nigeria Botany Research International, 8 (4): 65-72.

Gaskin, S., Tardif, M., Cole, E., Piterkin, P., Kayello, L. and Mumby, D.G. 2010. Object familiarization and novel-object preference in rats. Behavioural Processes, 83: 61–71.

George, A., Perng, C.N., Mathew, O., Gitte, S.J and Hoi, J.W. 2014. In vitro and ex-vivo cellular antioxidant protection and cognitive enhancing effects of an extract of polygonum minus Huds (Lineminus) demonstrated in Barnes maze animal model for memory and learning. Journal of International Society for Complementary Medicine Research, 14:161

Gonzalez, L.E. and File, S.E. 1997. A five minute experience in the elevated plus-maze alters the state of the benzodiazepine receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience 17:1505–1511.

Hammond, R.S., Tull, L.E., Stackman, R.W. 2004. On the delay-dependent involvement of the hippocampus in object recognition memory. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 82:26–34.

Hideyuki, O., Tomoo, H. and Evan, B. 2000. Learning and memory. Proceedings on National Academy of Science, 97(23): 12403–12404.

Kalueff, A. and Nutt, D.J. 1996. Therole of gaba in memory and anxiety. Depression and Anxiety, 4(3): 100–110.

Leslie, C.J., Alexander, A., Anton, B.  and Alex, Z.  2015. Screening and personalizing nootropic drugs and cognitive modulator regimens in silico. Frontiers in System Neuroscience, 9: 1-6.

Lowry, C.A., Johnson, P.L., Hay-Schmidt, A., Mikkelsen, J. and Shekhar, A. 2005. Modulation of anxiety circuits by serotonergic systems. Stress. 8(4): 233–246.

Markowitsch, H.J. 1988. Diencephalic amnesia: a reorientation towards tracts. Brain Research Review, 13: 351-370.

Matsumura, F. 1985. General Principles of Insecticide Toxicology. In: Toxicology of Insecticides. Springer, Boston, MA.

Parle, M. and Dhingra, D. 2003. Ascorbic acid: a promising memory enhancer in mice. Journal of Pharmacological Science. 93: 129-135

Parle, M., Dhingra, D., Kulkarni, S.K. 2004. Improvement of mouse memory by Myristica fragrans seeds. Journal of Medicinal Food. 7: 157-161

Rajeshwari, C.U., Shobha, R.I and Andallu, B. 2014. Phytochemicals in diet and human health with special reference to polyphenols.  Annals of Phytomedicine. 3(2): 4-25.

Rathee, P. Hema, C., Sushila, R., Dharmender, R. 2008. Natural memory boosters. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2(2):249-256.

Shivani, J.P., Krupa, K. P., Mona, S. P., Abdullah, M.B., Hil, B.R., Yash, B.P., Astha, P.S., Charmi, P.P. and  Dhrubo, J.S. 2016. Neuro stimulants cognitive enhancers as nootropics in multi task Hectic Schedule. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(3), 570-590.

Silveira, M.C., Sandner, G., Graeff, F.G. 1993. Induction of Fos immunoreactivity in the brain by exposure to the elevated plus-maze. Behavioural Brain Research, 56:115–118.

Sumit, N., Dev, R.S., Kiran, K., Smita, N., Gurvinder, S., Ravinder, S., Negil, R. and Sarin, V. 2012. Behavior and pharmacological animal models for the evaluation of learning and memory condition. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(2): 121-129.

Takagi, K., Park, E.H. and Kato, H. 1980. Anti-inflammatory activities of hederagenin and crude saponin isolated from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Journal of the Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, 28:1183-1188.

Tatem, K. S., Quinn, J. L., Phadke, A., Yu, Q., Gordish-Dressman, H. and Nagaraju, K. 2014. Behavioral and locomotor measurements using an open field activity monitoring system for skeletal muscle diseases. Journal of Visual Experiment, 91: e51785.

Yu, J.T, Wang N.D, Jiang H, Guan J, and Tan L. 2011. Roles of beta adrenergic receptors in Alzheimer’s disease: implications for novel therapeutics. Brain Research Bulletin, 84:111-117.