بررسی پاسخ برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ارقام خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.) به تنش خشکی و محلول‌پاشی نانو کلات آهن

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 7، دوره 14، شماره 54، تیر 1398، صفحه 74-89   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

نفیسه مهدی نژاد^{* 1}؛ حمیده جمالپور²؛ براتعلی فاخری¹؛ حمیده آزاد قوجه‌بیگلو³

¹گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

³گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول­پاشی نانو کلات آهن و تنش خشکی بر تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ارقام خرفه، آزمایشی به­صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی جهاد کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان اهر در سال 1394 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح تنش خشکی (90 (شاهد)، 70 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی)، دو سطح نانو کلات آهن ( صفر (شاهد) و یک لیتر در هکتار) و دو رقم خرفه (تهران و کازرون) بود. نتایج نشان داد محلول­پاشی آهن در شرایط تنش خشکی تأثیر معنی­داری بر برخی صفات داشت، به­طوری که بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل b در شرایط نرمال آبیاری و محلول­پاشی نانو کلات آهن، بیشترین غلظت سدیم از برهم­کنش 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و عدم محلول‌پاشی و بیشترین پتاسیم در شرایط خشکی 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و محلول­پاشی نانو کلات آهن حاصل گردید. با توجه به معنی­داری اثرات سه­جانبه، بیشترین میزان پرولین، قند محلول و میزان آهن  از رقم کازرون در شرایط خشکی 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی با محلول­پاشی نانو کلات آهن حاصل گردید. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a ، کارتنوئیدها و آنتوسیانین­ها از محلول­پاشی نانو کلات آهن بر رقم کازرون در شرایط آبیاری نرمال به­دست آمد. همچنین در شرایط تنش استفاده از نانو کلات آهن نسبت به شاهد موجب افزایش 66/32 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید و رقم کازرون نسبت به رقم تهران برتری داشت به طوری که عملکرد دانه رقم کازرون 31/1 برابر رقم تهران بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تغذیه برگی؛ تنش خشکی؛ خرفه؛ رنگیزه فتوسنتزی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ عناصر غذایی؛ نانو آهن

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