بررسی اثر کادمیم بر تغییرات رنگدانه‌ای، فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی سه گونه دارویی Mentha aquatica L.، Trautv. Eryngium caucasicum و Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb.

اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

مقاله 7، دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 26، شهریور 1398، صفحه 91-103   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

رقیه حسن پور¹؛ فائزه زعفریان^{* 2}؛ محمد رضوانی³؛ بهی جلیلی⁴

¹گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری- ایران

³ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ و اﺻﻼح ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢﺷﻬﺮ، ﻗﺎﺋﻢﺷﻬر، ایران

⁴گروه خاک‌شناسی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری

چکیده

کادمیم یکی از خطرناکترین عناصر سنگین است که به طور طبیعی و یا با فعالیت‌های انسانی وارد خاک می‌شود و سبب تنش اکسیداتیو در گیاهان می‌شود. لذا این مطالعه، جهت بررسی اثر کادمیم بر برخی از واکنش‌های فیزیولوژیک سه گیاه معطر شامل پونه (Mentha aquatica L.)، زولنگ (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) و اناریجه(Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb.) ، انجام شد. در سه آزمایش گلخانه‌ای، پنج غلظت کادمیم خاک شامل 0، 5، 10، 15 و 20 میلی‌گرم کادمیم در کیلوگرم خاک، در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در سال 1396-1395 بررسی شد. نشاء هر سه گیاه در گلدان‌های آلوده کشت شدند. قبل از مرحله گلدهی کلروفیل a، b، کاروتنوئید، فنل، فلاونوئید و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدان اندام‌های هوایی اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد رنگدانه‌های برگ در هر سه گیاه با افزایش سطح کادمیم به صورت خطی کاهش یافت، اما میزان کاهش کاروتنوئید نسبت به کلروفیلa وb کمتر بود. همچنین کلروفیلb نسبت به کلروفیل a حساسیت بیشتری به کادمیم نشان داد. در حالی که فنل، فلاونوئیدها و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاهان با افزایش سطح کادمیم افزایش یافت. گیاه پونه بیشترین میانگین فنل (89/65 میلی‌گرم در گرم)، فلاونوئید (88/146 میلی‌گرم در گرم) و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان (49/98 درصد) را به خود اختصاص داد. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد رنگدانه‌های گیاهی تحت تاثیر سمیت کادمیم قرار گرفتند و با توجه به این که گیاهان مورد نظر غنی از ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدان هستند؛ افزایش این ترکیبات در مواجه با تنش کادمیم نشان‌ دهنده‌ی نوعی مکانسیم دفاعی سه گیاه برای مقابله با تنش می-باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عناصر سنگین؛ فلاونوئید؛ فنل؛ کلروفیل؛ گیاهان معطر

مراجع

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