تعیین و بهبود محدوده‌های بالقوه وقوع جرم د توسط رهیافت "جلوگیری از جرائم از طریق طراحی محیطی" (مطالعه موردی: محله همت‌آباد شهر اصفهان)

مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی

مقاله 10، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 48، آذر 1398، صفحه 697-715   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

همایون نورائی^*

استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

هدف این تحقیق بررسی و تحلیل محله همت‌آباد از منظر اصول رهیافت "جلوگیری از جرائم شهری با استفاده از طراحی محیطی" جهت شناسایی نقاط بالقوه برای وقوع جرم، و ارائه پیشنهادهایی در جهت ارتقای امنیت این محله به‌صورت خاص (پیلوت عملی رهیافت) بر اساس جنبه مکانی بخشیدن به اصول رهیافت "جلوگیری از جرائم شهری با استفاده از طراحی محیطی" می‌باشد. برای دستیابی به این هدف از روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی از نوع موردکاوانه (محله همت‌آباد) استفاده گردید و برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (مشاهده‌ای و پرسشنامه‌ای) و برای تحلیل داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده، از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) و نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و Expert Choice کمک گرفته شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که اولاً از منظر رهیافت "جلوگیری از جرائم شهری با استفاده از طراحی محیطی" (شامل اصل "تقویت نظارت طبیعی" با 4 سنجه، اصل "قابلیت کنترل دسترسی‌ها" با 3 سنجه، اصل "تقویت قلمروهای طبیعی" با 5 سنجه، اصل "حفظ و نگهداری از محیط" با یک سنجه و اصل "حمایت از فعالیت-های اجتماعی سالم" با 2 سنجه)، محله همت‌آباد دارای نقاط بالقوه بسیاری برای وقوع جرم است و ثانیاً در مجموع بر اساس سنجه‌های رهیافت "جلوگیری از جرائم شهری با استفاده از طراحی محیطی" بیشترینِ این نقاط بالقوه برای وقوع جرم، ، در بدنه و حاشیه محله همت‌آباد اصفهان، و نه در مرکز این محله، قرار دارند و این موضوع به‌ویژه به دلیل کمبود قابلیت نظارت طبیعی، فعالیت‌های اجتماعی به‌هنجار و حفاظت و نگهداری از محیط در این محدوده‌ها است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

امنیت؛ پیشگیری از جرم؛ رهیافت "جلوگیری از جرایم شهری با استفاده از طراحی محیطی"؛ اسکان غیررسمی؛ محله همت آباد اصفهان

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