تحلیل فضایی نظام شهری منطقة شمال ایران (سال های 1335 تا 1395)

مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی

مقاله 4، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 49، اسفند 1398، صفحه 869-889   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عامر نیک پور^{* 1}؛ میلاد حسنعلی زاده²

¹دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

²دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

با مطالعه سیستم های شهری نحوه پخشایش و میزان تعادل در توزیع جمعیّت مشخص تر می شود. این مقاله با هدف بررسی تحوّلات نظام شهری منطقه شمال کشور جهت مشخص کردن وضعیّت تعادل آن تدوین شده است. روش تحقیق از نوع توصیفی - تحلیلی بوده و مبنای آماری داده ها، نتایج سرشماری های عمومی نفوس و مسکن کشور در 8 دوره گذشته است. در این مقاله ضمن طبقه بندی شهرهای منطقه طی 60 سال گذشته، از شاخص های نخست شهری شامل نخست شهر، دو شهر، کینزبرگ، مهتا، موماو و الوصابی، تسلّط موسوی و شاخص های تمرکز شامل هرفیندال، هندرسون و شاخص های تعادل شامل آنتروپی، ضریب تغییرات و رتبه - اندازه جهت بررسی نظام شهری منطقه استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از شاخص های نخست شهری و تمرکز نشان می دهد که میزان نخست شهری و تمرکز از سال 1335 تا 1365 روندی کاهشی داشته امّا از سال 1365 تا 1390 روند صعودی یافته است تا اینکه در سال 1395 مجدداً روند نزولی در پیش می گیرد. نتایج شاخص های تعادل نیز نشان می دهد که عدم تعادل و توازن در توزیع فضایی جمعیّت در نظام شهری منطقه از سال 1335 تا سال 1395 همواره افزایش یافته است. نتایج شاخص رتبه - اندازه نیز بیانگر وجود اختلاف نسبتاً زیاد بین جمعیت واقعی و جمعیّت مطلوب شهرهای منطقه طی سال های مورد مطالعه و همچنین اهمیت نسبی شهرهای میانی از سال 1335تا سال 1355 و تسلط نخست شهری از سال 1355 تا سال 1395 می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نظام شهری؛ نخست شهری؛ تمرکز؛ تعادل؛ منطقه شمال

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