دیپلماسی آب و سکونتگاه‌های شهری (با تأکید بر شهر مرزی زابل و رودخانه مرزی هیرمند)

مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی

مقاله 13، دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 52، آذر 1399، صفحه 873-890   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

افشین متقی دستنایی^{* 1}؛ آرش قربانی سپهر²

¹دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، تهران، ایران

²دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بسیاری از حوضه‌های رودخانه‌های مرزی در جهان به‌طور همزمان به‌عنوان موتورهای مهم توسعه اقتصادی منطقه، پایگاه‌های مهم منابع امرار معاش و همچنین مکان‌های بحرانی حفاظت از تنوع زیستی شناخته شده‌اند. این مزایا اغلب نقش رقابتی را برای حکومت‌ها ایجاد می‌کند و آن‌ها را به چالش می‌کشد. با توجه به موقعیت جغرافیایی، استراتژیک ایران و قرارگیری در حوضه‌های آبی مشترک، بکارگیری دیپلماسی آب‌های مرزی و فرامرزی، به‌عنوان ابزاری ضروری برای مدیریت بحران آب و سازگاری با مشکلات ناشی از کم آبی در کشور تلقی می‌شود. بر این مبنا، جهت نگارش پژوهش حاضر از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی بهره گرفته شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان از آن دارد که تنها ابزار جهت به‌سامان کردن اوضاع در شرایط کنونی شهر مرزی زابل استفاده درست از دیپلماسی آب است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد تدوین دیپلماسی آب از سوی جمهوری اسلامی ایران با کشور افغانستان، یکی از الزاماتی است که باید با جدیت در آینده با استفاده از ظرفیت‌های ایجابی و با بهره‌گیری از اصول حقوق بین‌الملل دنبال شود تا وضعیت سکونتگاه شهر مرزی زابل قبل از رسیدن به مرحله بحران با سناریوهای ساده تر و کم هزینه تر حل شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دیپلماسی آب؛ رودخانه مرزی؛ سکونتگاه شهری؛ شهر مرزی؛ زابل

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