ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی در اینبرد لاین‌ها و ارقام مصنوعی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در اقلیم معتدل کرمانشاه

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 15، شماره 58، تیر 1399، صفحه 11-27   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسنده

سید مهدی صفوی^*

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

               در این پژوهش اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی ویژگی‎های آگروفیزیولوژیک 15 ژنوتیپ آفتابگردان شامل سه رقم شاهد، هشت لاین اینبرد و چهار رقم مصنوعی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی معاونت مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم (سرارود، کرمانشاه) در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی، در سه تکرار و دو محیط (بدون تنش و تنش خشکی) طی سال زراعی 93-1392 بررسی شد. میانگین عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‏ها در شرایط بدون تنش 715 و در شرایط تنش 579 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد که نشان‎دهنده کاهش 02/19 درصدی در اثر تنش خشکی می‎باشد. رقم شاهد Zaria و لاین Sil-292 با بیش از 30 درصد، بیشترین درصد کاهش عملکرد را داشتند. ارقام مصنوعی Sil-94، Sil-54 و Sil-96 با کمتر از 5 درصد، کمترین درصد کاهش را به خود اختصاص دادند. دامنه میزان روغن دانه در شرایط بدون تنش از 5/45 تا 7/51 درصد و در شرایط تنش خشکی از 4/35 تا 9/49 درصد متغیر بود. تنش خشکی سبب کاهش حدود 10 درصدی روغن دانه ژنوتیپ‏ها گردید. در مجموع، اعمال تنش خشکی منجر به زودگلدهی و زودرس شدن، ‌کاهش صفات زراعی و مورفولوژیک و محتوای روغن دانه و افزایش نشت یونی و میزان آب نسبی از دست رفته برگ‌ها گردید. با استفاده از روش مجموع رتبه و بررسی پارامترهای آن، ژنوتیپ‎های SIL-54، SIL-42، SIL-140 و SIL-237 به‎عنوان متحمل‎ترین ژنوتیپ‎ها شناخته شدند. این ژنوتیپ‎ها بر اساس دیاگرام بای‎پلات نیز به‏عنوان برترین ژنوتیپ‎ها تحت هر دو شرایط معرفی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بای‎پلات؛ روغن دانه؛ شاخص‎های تحمل تنش؛ عملکرد دانه؛ قطر طبق؛ نشت یونی

مراجع

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