مروری بر اثرات تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا بر هورمون‌های مرتبط با چاقی

تحقیقات در علوم ورزشی و گیاهان دارویی

مقاله 1، دوره 1، شماره 1، آذر 1399، صفحه 1-18   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/varzesh.2020.677981

نویسندگان

توحید مبهوت مقدم¹؛ محمد مسافری ضیاءالدینی^{* 2}؛ مهرداد فتحی²؛ سید رضا عطارزاده حسینی²

¹گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، موسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی خاوران،‌ مشهد، ایران

²گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: ﭼﺎﻗﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ دﻧﯿـﺎ ﺑﻮده و ﺷﯿﻮع آن در ﺣﺎل ﮔﺴﺘﺮش می­باشد. در ﺳﺎل­ﻫﺎی اﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭼﺎﻗﻲ و ﻋﻮارض سوخت و سازی ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﭼﺎقی، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ زﻳﺎدی ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ به ﻋﻨﻮان بافتی ﺳﺎﻛﻦ و ﺻﺮﻓاً ذﺧﻴﺮه کنندۀ اﻧﺮژی در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ­ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ سوخت و سازی، ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻓﻌﺎل اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻏﺪد، ﺑﺎفت­ﻫﺎی سوخت و سازی، عوامل ﺗﺮﺷﺤﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ را ﺗﺮﺷﺢ میﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدﻫﺎی اﺗﻮکراین، ﭘﺎراکراین و اﻧﺪوﻛﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤیط خارج سلولی، دارند. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ، فعالیت ﺟﺴﻤانی، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ سوخت و سازی از ﻋﻠﻞ اﺻلی اﺿﺎﻓﻪ وزن و چاقی ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ­ﺷﻮند و ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ وﯾﮋگی­ﻫﺎی ژنتیکی ﻧﯿﺰ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮐﻠﯽ، ﭼﺮﺑﯽ مازاد در ﺑﺪن در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣﺪت ﺑﯿﻦ درﯾﺎفت اﻧﺮژی و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﻧﺮژی ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ میﺷﻮد. انتخاب مناسب تمرینات بدنی، عاملی مهم در تغییر شیوه زندگی کودکان و نوجوانان چاق و شاخصی موثر در کنترل و درمان چاقی محسوب می­شود.
نتیجه گیری: فعالیت بدنی موجب ایجاد یک تعادل منفی در انرژی می­شود، این رویداد به دلیل افزایش مصرف انرژی است. پژوهش­های اخیر نشان می­دهد تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا (HIIT)، یک وضعیت بی اشتهایی زودگذر ایجاد می­کند که برای مدت کمی پس از فعالیت ورزشی احساس گرسنگی را به تعویق می­اندازد، اما این اثر کوتاه مدت است. از سوی دیگر HIIT در تغییر انرژی مصرفی از طریق تغییر در سیگنال­های گرسنگی و اشتهایی و همچنین پپتیدهای تنظیمی در سطوح سیگنال­های کوتاه تا بلند مدت افراد چاق نقش دارد، از در این مقاله مروری اثر بخشی HIIT در افراد چاق گزارش شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

چاقی؛ تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا؛ هورمون

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