بررسی نظری و تجربی شاخص‌‌های عدالت در سلامت شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر بجنورد)

مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی

مقاله 1، دوره 15، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 53، بهمن 1399، صفحه 1011-1032   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محمد احمدی¹؛ حسین حاتمی نژاد^{* 2}؛ احمد پوراحمد³؛ کرامت اله زیاری³؛ سعید زنگنه شهرکی⁴

¹دانش اموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

²دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

³استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

⁴استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

برنامه ریزی سلامت شهری، فرآیندی آگاهانه برای تأمین سلامت و تندرستی کامل جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی همه ساکنین شهر از طریق تعیین سیاست‌های سلامت محور، نظام مناسب برنامه‌ریزی سلامت شهری، بهبود تعیین‌کننده‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و محیط فیزیکی شهر است. هدف اصلی برنامه‌ریزی سلامت شهری دستیابی عادلانه همه ساکنین به سلامت کامل جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی و همچنین دستیابی عادلانه به تعیین‌کننده‌های سلامت شهری می‌باشد. در‌این پژوهش به طور نظری و تجربی، عدالت در سلامت شهری، ابعاد، متغیرها و شاخص‌های آن بررسی گردید. پژوهش حاضر از جمله پژوهش‌های کاربردی-توسعه‌ای (از نظر هدف)، توصیفی-تحلیلی (از نظر ماهیت و روش انجام) و کمی (از نظر روش‌ گردآوری و تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل داده‌ها) می‌باشد. این پژوهش دو هدف اصلی را دنبال می‌کند: 1- شناخت جامع ابعاد، متغیرها و شاخص‌های عدالت در سلامت شهری و 2- آزمون تجربی این شاخص‌ها در شهر بجنورد. برای گردآوری اطلاعات مربوط به هدف اول، از روش کتابخانه‌ای و برای گردآوری اطلاعات مربوط به هدف دوم، از روش کتابخانه‌ای و پیمایشی استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل و نمایش داده‌ها نیز با مدل‌های AHP، Electre و نرم‌افزار Arc map انجام شده است. طبق نتایج نظری، شاخص‌های عدالت در سلامت شهری به دو گروه شاخص‌های تعیین‌کننده و شاخص‌های پیامد تقسیم شدند، هر یک ازین دو گروه دارای ابعاد، متغیرها و شاخص‌هایی هستند که در متن مقاله آورده شده است. طبق نتایج تجربی، شاخص‌های تعیین‌کننده عدالت در سلامت شهری در محله‌های مختلف شهر بجنورد دارای تفاوت بسیار زیاد هستند. به عبارت دیگر، افراد در محله‌های مختلف شهر بجنورد دسترسی ناعادلانه‌ای به تعیین‌کننده‌های سلامت شهری دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سلامت شهری؛ عدالت در سلامت؛ شهر بجنورد؛ مدل Electre

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