پاسخ دفاع بیوشیمیایی خیار گلخانه‌ای‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ (Cucumis sativus L.) به بیماری کمپلکس نماتد ریشه‌گرهی و قارچ پژمردگی فوزاریومی ‌

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 16، شماره 63، مهر 1400، صفحه 87-100   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2021.679543

نویسندگان

مهدی محمدیان سرچشمه¹؛ سعید رضائی^{* 2}؛ علیرضا ایرانبخش³

¹گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

²گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

³گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

بیماری کمپلکس نماتد ریشه‌گرهی،Meloidogyne javanica  و پژمردگی فوزاریو­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­می خیار گلخانه‌‌­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ای Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum کشت خیار را در ایران محدود کرده ‌است. لذا دستیابی به رقم مقاوم به ‌‌‌نماتد در کنترل بیماری نقش اساسی دارد. سنجش ترکیبات دفاعی گیاهی در بیماری کمپلکس در دستیابی به مکانیسم‌های ­‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌مولکولی مقاومت و تولید ارقام مقاوم به نماتد کمک می‌کند. به همین دلیل بعد از تلقیح گیاه به شیوه اسپکتروفتومتری سنجش فعالیت پراکسیداز و ترکیبات ‌‌‌‌فنلی در بیماری در شرایط گلخانه انجام گردید. آزمایش فاکتوریل با طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با 14 تیمار طرح‌‌ریزی و شامل تیمارهای شاهد، قارچ تنها، نماتد تنها در چهار‌سطح تلقیح (1500، 3000، 4500 و 6000  لارو سن‌دو نماتد)، قارچ+نماتد به طور همزمان و تیمار تلقیح قارچ یک‌هفته بعد از تلقیح نماتد با چهار‌ تکرار بود. افزایش74/54%  و 34/92% ترکیبات فنلی و 64/50%  و 31/63 % میزان فعالیت پراکسیداز در تیمار‌های تلقیح گیاه با قارچ به تنهایی و تلقیح نماتد به تنهایی (6000  لارو) نسبت به شاهد نشان ‌داد این مواد از ترکیبات دفاعی در خیار می­باشند. نتایج نشان ‌داد که افزایش جمعیت نماتد در تلقیح گیاه در افزایش ترکیبات دفاعی تاثیر ‌دارد. بیماری کمپلکس (تلقیح قارچ بعد از تلقیح نماتد (6000  لارو) منجر به افزایش 80 درصدی ترکیبات فنلی و 48/54 درصدی فعالیت پراکسیداز نسبت به شاهد گردید که ممکن است ناشی از اثرات سینرژیستی پاتوژن‌ها باشد. قارچ بیش از نماتد در افزایش فعالیت پروکسیداز نسبت به ترکیبات فنلی نقش داشت که نشان دهنده واکنش‌های پیچیده پارازیتیسم نماتد در تعامل نماتد-گیاه بود. کاهش ترکیبات دفاعی در رقم نگین (حساس به فوزایوم) و افزایش آن در ارقام خصیب (متحمل به فوزاریوم) و دستجردی (متحمل به نماتد) نشان داد تولید ترکیبات دفاعی ممکن است با مقاومت خیار به عوامل بیماریزا ارتباط داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بر‌همکنش؛ پراکسیداز؛ ترکیبات‌ فنلی؛ خیار؛ فوزاریوم؛ نماتد ریشه‌گرهی

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