رفتار گیاه در پاسخ به تنش سرما

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 9، دوره 15، شماره 60، دی 1399، صفحه 124-138   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مریم کریمی علویجه^{* 1}؛ عبدالکریم زارعی²

¹پژوهشکده گل و گیاهان زینتی، موسسه باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، محلات، ایران

²گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، جهرم، ایران

چکیده

تنش­های محیطی همواره به عنوان یکی از عوامل مهم محدود کننده رشد و نمو و تولید مثل گیاهان می‌باشند. تنش سرمایی یکی از مهمترین نوع این تنش­ها بوده که هر ساله خسارات زیادی محصولات مختلف گیاهی وارد می کند و بعنوان تهدیدی برای تولید پایدار محصولات گیاهی می باشد. به طی فصل پاییز، تغییرات مورفولوژی، فیزیولوژی، بیوشیمیایی و مولکولی، گیاهان را برای مقابله و تحمل دماهای پایین فصل زمستان آماده می­کند. مطالعه سطح سلولی تنش، به منظور دستکاری­های ژنتیکی برای کسب مقاومت به سرما در گیاهان ضروری است. در صورت بروز سرماهای زودرس پاییزه یا سرماهای دیررس بهاره صدمات مختلفی به گیاه وارد خواهد شد. کسب سازگاری در فصل پاییز برای تحمل شرایط زمستان ضروری می‌باشد. روند کلی کسب سازگاری تقریبا در تمامی گیاهان مشابه بوده ولی با توجه به نوع گیاه و شرایط منطقه تفاوت­هایی وجود دارد. اندام مختلف گیاه، درجات و صدمات متفاوتی را بعد از گذراندن تنش سرما نشان خواهند داد که با رعایت برخی اصول کشاورزی، خسارات احتمالی تا حد زیادی قابل کنترل خواهند بود. تقویت به موقع و جلوگیری از هر گونه تنش به گیاه صدمات ناشی از سرما را به حداقل خواهند رساند. مرور کلی مسیرهای ایجاد صدمات تنش سرما و مکانیسم مقابله گیاه می­تواند برای جلوگیری از ایجاد خسارات تا حد ممکن مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش سرما؛ سازگاری؛ صدمه؛ گونه گیاهی؛ خوپذیری

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