بررسی تاثیر سینرژیستیک گیاه‌پالایی و ایزوله باکتریایی در حذف هیدروکربن‌های آروماتیک حلقوی (PAHs) از خاک آلوده

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 16، شماره 62، تیر 1400، صفحه 50-64   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2021.679551

نویسندگان

مهدی خزائی¹؛ علیرضا اطمینان²؛ سولماز دشتی^{* 3}؛ سیداحمد حسینی¹

¹گروه محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

²گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

³گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

هیدروکربن­های آروماتیک سرطان­زا و سمی بوده و آسیب­های جدی به محیط زیست و موجودات زنده وارد می­کنند. این ترکیبات عموماً به خاک­ها تخلیه می­شوند. روش­های بیولوژیکی با بکارگیری میکروارگانیسم­های موثر جدا شده از خاک­های آلوده نفتی و گیاهان مقاوم برای پاکسازی این خاک­ها ترجیح داده می­­شوند. هدف مطالعه­ حاضر بررسی اثر گیاه کنوکارپوس (Conocarpus erectus) و باکتری سودوموناس آئروژینوزا (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) بر میزان حذف Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)  از خاک­های آلوده و شور حوضچه­ تبخیر واحد نمکزدایی در طول 275 روز و در شرایط غیرآزمایشگاهی بود. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور، در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار طراحی شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل4 سطح (گیاه، باکتری، گیاه و باکتری و خاک بدون کاربرد گیاه و باکتری «به­عنوان شاهد») و غلظت آلاینده در 5 سطح نفت خام بنگستان ­با­ غلظت­های صفر، 5/0، 1، 5/2 و 5 درصد وزنی بود. با افزایش غلظت هیدروکربن در هر 5 سطح، درصد حذف و نیز وزن خشک ریشه، اندام هوایی گیاه و کلروفیل کاهش یافت. بالاترین درصد حذف در دو غلظت صفر و1  درصد با درصدهای 43/99، 89/59 و 01/57 درصد به تیمارهای دارای باکتری و گیاه، تیمارهای جداگانه باکتری و گیاه تعلق داشت.. کارایی گیاه و باکتری در حذف هیدروکربن­های نفتی تقریباً برابر بود. تیمارهای دارای باکتری در مقایسه با تیمارهای فاقد آن کلروفیل، وزن خشک ساقه و اندام هوایی بیشتری داشتند .نتایج نشان داد که حضور گیاه و باکتری به صورت جداگانه اثر مثبتی برتجزیه میزان PAHs داشت اما اثر سینرژیستیک باکتری و گیاه در تجزیه میزان PAHs مثبت­تر بود (05/0P<).

کلیدواژه‌ها

باکتری؛ سینرژیستیک؛ گیاه‌پالایی؛ هیدروکربن‌های آروماتیک حلقوی

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