تأثیر پلیمر سوپرجاذب بر صفات فتوسنتزی، محتوای کلروفیل و شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی (Vigna unguiculata L.) تحت تنش خشکی

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 17، شماره 66، تیر 1401، صفحه 57-73   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2021.679552

نویسنده

احمد افکاری^*

گروه فیزیولوژی گیاهی، واحد کلیبر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کلیبر، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر مصرف پلیمر سوپرجاذب بر صفات فتوسنتزی، محتوای کلروفیل و شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی تحت تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یکبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در شهرستان کلیبر در سال زراعی 1397 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل فواصل آبیاری در کرت‌های اصلی (70، 140 و 210 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و مقادیر مختلف سوپرجاذب (صفر، 75 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کرت‌های فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر اصلی تنش خشکی و سوپرجاذب بر اکثر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در سطح احتمال یک درصد دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار بود. برهمکنش تنش خشکی و سوپرجاذب تنها بر هدایت روزنه‌ای، پایداری غشای سلولی و محتوای کلروفیل معنی‌دار گردید. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که تنش خشکی شدید باعث کاهش معنی‌داری در میزان حداکثر کارآیی فتوشیمیایی فتوسیستم II، فلورسانس بیشینه (Fm)، محتوای کلروفیل، میزان تعرق، غلظت Co2 زیر اتاقک روزنه‌ای و سرعت فتوسنتز شد که دلالت بر نقش عوامل روزنه‌ای در کاهش فتوسنتز در شرایط تنش دارد. در حالی‌که استفاده از سوپرجاذب به‌طور معنی‌داری سرعت فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه‌ای، شدت تعرق، پایداری غشای سلولی، حداکثر کارآیی فتوشیمیایی فتوسیستم II، فلورسانس بیشینه، فلورسانس کمینه (F0) و شاخص کلروفیل را افزایش ولی میزان Co2 زیر اتاقک روزنه‌ای را کاهش داد که بیانگر اثر محافظتی پلیمر سوپرجاذب در برابر تنش خشکی می‌باشد. بیش‌ترین افزایش در اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی در هنگام استفاده از سوپرجاذب با مقدار 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که سوپرجاذب صفات فتوسنتزی، حداکثر کارآیی فتوشیمیایی فتوسیستم II و محتوای کلروفیل را در شرایط تنش خشکی بهبود می‌بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش کم‌آبی؛ عملکرد کوآنتوم فتوشمیایی؛ فلورسانس کلروفیل؛ لوبیا؛ ویژگی‌های فتوسنتزی

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