تأثیر فشار کاری بر توسعۀ مهارت با نقش میانجی سبک‌های عمومی تصمیم‌گیری کارکنان دانشگاه

دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی

مقاله 12، دوره 21، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 82، بهمن 1399، صفحه 143-157   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsrp.2020.1870486.1866

نویسندگان

راشن عبدالهی¹؛ حاجیه رجبی فرجاد^{* 2}

¹استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین.

²دانشیار گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین.

چکیده

 این پژوهش با هدف «تأثیر فشار کاری بر توسعۀ مهارت با نقش میانجی سبک‌های عمومی تصمیم‌گیری کارکنان دانشگاه» انجام‌گرفته است روش پژوهش توصیفی – پیمایشی باهدف کاربردی و از لحاظ زمانی مقطعی و با توجه به جمع‌آوری اطلاعات میدانی و با توجه به روش تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات و رابطه بین متغیرها، از نوع همبستگی بوده است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل تمامی کارکنان یکی از دانشگاه‌های دولتی به تعداد 322 به‌صورت طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند. برای تعیین حجم نمونه در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و با سطح اطمینان 95 درصد، تعداد 183 نفر انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی مورد استفاده در این تحقیق، پرسشنامه‌های فشار کار (QWI) (Spector & Jex, 1998)، پرسشنامۀ سبک‌های عمومی تصمیم‌گیری اسکات و بروس (GDMS) و توسعه مهارت توسط (BoyceZaccaro & Wisecarver, 2010) بود. برای بررسی نرمال بودن داده‌ها از آزمون کولموگروف-اسمیرنوف و برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات از نرم‌افزار SPSS₂₃ و Smart Pls3 استفاده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد فشار کاری بر سبک‌های عمومی تصمیم‌گیری و توسعۀ مهارت تأثیر مستقیم دارد. همچنین فرضیات فرعی تحقیق نیز مورد تأیید قرار گرفت یعنی فشار کار بر تصمیم‌گیری و توسعۀ مهارت؛ و سبک‌های عمومی تصمیم‌گیری بر توسعۀ مهارت نیز تأثیر مستقیم دارد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد توجه به کارکنان دانشگاه به‌عنوان منابع و سرمایه‌های انسانی و توانمندسازی آنان از لحاظ مهارتی و سبک‌های تصمیم‌گیری می‌تواند جامعۀ دانشگاهی را در مسیر توسعه و پیشرفت قرار دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فشار کاری؛ توسعۀ مهارت؛ سبک عمومی تصمیم‌گیری؛ کارکنان

مراجع

Abbasi, A.; Mohammadlu, Z. (2018). Designing a model for measuring skills of managers at different organizational levels, quarterly Journal of

 

improvement and transformation management studies, 27 (87), 73-45. [Persian]

Ahani Nahayati, N. (2015). Investigation of the effect of work-related stress on creative and individual entrepreneurial behaviors of Ardabil`s Oil Company employees, Master Thesis, Public Management, Islamic Azad University of Ardabil. [Persian]

Alwani, M. (2017). Decision -making and determining governmental policies, Tehran, Samt publication. [Persian]

Assar, M.; Fazaeli,A; Hashemifar, P. (2013). Strategic model of NAJA`s professional police training based on content-based variables, quarterly Journal of Entezam-e- ejtemai, year 5 (2), 42-7. [Persian]

Azizi, N. (2013). A Study of ways to improve the research performance of faculty members in the humanities, quarterly Journal of Rahbord-e farhang (21), 7-33. [Persian]

Berquist, W. H., & Phillips S. R. (1975). Components of an effective faculty development program. The Journal of Higher Education, 46(2), 177-211.

Boillat, M & Elizov, M (2014). Are mentors born or made? Medical Education, 48, (5), 546–547.

Boyce, L. A., Zaccaro, S. J., & Wisecarver, M. Z. (2010). Propensity for self-development of leadership attributes: Understanding, predicting, and supporting performance of leader self-development. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 159-178.

Burns, M. (2008). The role of ethics in decision making by deans and division chairs of community colleges: University of Gonzaga. ProQuest.

Centra, J. (1978). Types of faculty development programs. The Journal of Higher Education, 49(2), 151-162.

Cheetman, G., & Chivers, G. (1996). Towrads a holistic model of professional competence. Journal of European Industrial Training, 20(5), 20-30.

Claes, R., & Ruiz-Quintanilla, S. A. (1998). Influence of early career experiences, occupational group, and national culture on proactive career behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 52, 357–378.

Cooper, C. L., & Marshall, J. (1976). Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. Journal of occupational psychology, 49(1), 11-28.

Daneshmandi, S.; Fathi &Ajargah, K.; Khorasani, A.; Qelichlee, B. (2018). Identifying the consequences of applying mentoring for newly hired faculty members, rahyaftino`s scientific- research quarterly in educational management 9 (2), 128-106. [Persian]

De Jonge, J., Dormann, C., Janssen, P. P., Dollard, M. F., Landeweerd, J. A., & Nijhuis, F. J. (2001). Testing reciprocal relationships between job characteristics and psychological well‐being: A cross‐lagged structural equation model. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 74(1), 29-46.

De Vos, A., De Clippeleer, I., & Dewilde, T. (2009). Proactive career behaviours and career success during the early career. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 761–777.

DeFillippi, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1994). The boundaryless career: A competency‐based perspective. Journal of organizational behavior, 15(4), 307-324.

Eby, L. T., Butts, M., & Lockwood, A. (2003). Predictors of success in the era of the boundaryless career. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24(6), 689-708.

Eurofound. (2012). Fifth European working conditions survey. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Ed.

Forret, M. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (2004). Networking behaviors and career outcomes: differences for men and women?. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 419-437.

French, J. R., Caplan, R. D., & Van Harrison, R. (1982). The mechanisms of job stress and strain (Vol. 7). Chichester [Sussex]; New York: J. Wiley.

French, J. R., Rogers, W., & Cobb, S. (1974). A model of person-environment fit. Coping and adaptation New York: Basic Books, pp316-333.

Ghasemi, J., Hosseini, M., & Hejazi, Y. (2009). Analysis the effective factors on success of faculty member`s university outreach services in agricultural faculties of Iran. Journal of Higher Education,2 (1), 1-20.

Gholifar, E., Hedjazi, S., & Hosseyni, S. (2010). Exploratory factor analysis of required professional faculty skills for job success from Iran’s colleges of agriculture faculty members perspectives.

Hamilton, G. A. (1986). Two faces of nurse faculty: teacher and researcher. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 11(2), 217-223.

Haynes B, Haines A. (1998). Barriers and bridges to evidence- based clinical practice. British Medical Journal. 1998; 317(7153): 273-76.

Heydari, A.; Marzooqi, R. (2012). Study and comparison of general decision-making styles in university managers, Case study: Shiraz University. Scientific-research Journal of Rahyaftino in educational management, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht branch, 3 (3), 84-67. [Persian]

Hosseinian, S. (2018). Basic concepts and specialized topics in counseling: teaching how to use the micro skills in individual counseling: Tehran, Kamal-e- Tarbiat Publications. [Persian]

Islamian, H. (2018). Evaluating the use of effective teaching components by faculty members of the Medical Sciences University based on a student- evaluation approach. Journal of tebb va Tazkieh, (3): 203-190. [Persian]

James, L. R., & Tetrick, L. E. (1986). Confirmatory analytic tests of three causal models relating job perceptions to job satisfaction. Journal of applied psychology, 71(1), 77-82.

Jamison-Howse, P. A. (2008). Empirical investigation of effects of communication skills training on work stress at an AT&T corporation (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).

Jovanova-Mitkovska, S., & Hristovska, D. (2011). Contemporary teacher and core competences for lifelong learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 573-578.

Kahn, S. (1970). How people get power: Organizing oppressed communities for action. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Kiani, F.; Samavatian, H.; PoorAbdian, S. (2011). Job stress and accident rates reported among employees of Isfahan Steel Company: moderating role of work pressure, Quarterly Journal of Salamat-e-kareIran, 8 (3), 30-23. [Persian]

Klein, G., Calderwood, R., & Clinton-Cirocco, A. (2010). Rapid decision making on the fire ground: The original study plus a postscript. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 4(3), 186-209.

Marzban, Z. (2009). Study of need to establish a development center for faculty members at a large state university: human resources, facilities and programs. Master Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. [Persian]

McGrath, J. E. (1976). Stress and behavior in organizations, Dunnette MD (ed): Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago, RandMcNally.

Meltzer, L. (Ed.). (2018). Executive function in education: From theory to practice. Guilford Publications.

Miller, D.C., Byrnes, J.P. (2001). Adolescents’ Decision Making in Social Situations: A self-regulation perspective, Journal of Appl Dev Psychology, 22 (3): 237-56.

Miri Ghaffarzadeh, Sh.; Nazari, H. & Motazaker, M. (2012). Investigating effective barriers on research activities from perspective of faculty members for Urmia`s Medical Sciences University in 2010; Bimonthly Journal of Nursing and Midwifery in Urmia, 10 (6), 866- 858. [Persian]

Mohammadro Mazpour, N.; Nazarri, f.; Makundi, B. (2017). Determining the research anxiety-related factors in faculty members of the Department of Science of Information and Knowledge-underastanding for Iran Universities, Journal of Elmsanji-e-caspian, (1)4,17-25. [Persian]

MoradiNasab, H. (2015). effect of workplace stress and work ethic on performance of Ibn Sina Hospital`s staff in Shiraz, Master Thesis, Department of Public Management, Islamic Azad University, MarvDasht Branch[Persian]

Motadaien, M.; Akbari Moghaddam, N. (2017). Skills of problem-solving and decision-making, Tehran: Aha. [Persian]

Nave Ebrahim, E & Poorkarimi, J. (2008). Presenting a Conceptual Model for the Development of Faculty Members of Universities and Higher Education Centers. Quarterly Journal of Research in Educational Systems, 2 (5), pp 101-121.

Parker, S. K., & Liao, J. (2016). Wise proactivity: How to be proactive and wise in building your career. Organizational Dynamics, 45(3), 217-227.

Preddy, J. E. (2018). Building a Cognitive Readiness Construct for Violent Police-Public, STEMPS Theses & Dissertations, STEM Education & Professional Studies, Encounters. Old Dominion University.

Rahimi, H., Siadat, A., Hoveida, R., Shahin, A., & Bakhtyar Nasrabadi, H. A. (2011). The analysis of organizational diagnosis based on Six Box model and its relationship with organizational health and quality of work environment in Isfahan public universities. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 16(4), 19-39.

Ren, S., & Chadee, D. (2017). Influence of work pressure on proactive skill development in China: The role of career networking behavior and Guanxi HRM. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 98, 152-162.

Rezaian, A. (2014). Stress management, advanced organizational behavior management, Tehran, Samt publications. [Persian]

Rezazadeh, S. (2010). Investigating the relationship between general decision-making styles and spiritual intelligence of the managers of Ferdowsi& Medical Sciences Universities in Mashhad, in 2010, Master thesis, faculty of educational sciences and psychology, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. [Persian]

Roscoe, J. (2010). Continuing professional development in higher education. Human Resource Development International, 5(1), 3-9.

Salimi, J.; Ramezani, Q. (2014). Identifying components of effective teaching and evaluating the teaching situation (case study: Kurdistan, applied sciences university). Studies of educational measurement and evaluation, 4 (8), 33-61. [Persian]

Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1995). “Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure”. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 818-831.

Smith, G. C. (2010). Psychotherapy. In Encyclopedia of Stress, (second Edition).

Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: Interpersonal conflict at work scale, organizational constraints scale, quantitative workload.

Stephen P, R. (2018). Fundamentals of organizational behavior, translated by Ali Parsian &Seyed Mohammad Aarabi, Tehran, forty-fifth edition, cultural research office publications. [Persian]

Strauss, K., Griffin, M. A., & Parker, S. K. (2012). Future work selves: How salient hoped-for identities motivate proactive career behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 580.

Taber, B. J., & Blankemeyer, M. (2015). Future work self and career adaptability in the prediction of proactive career behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 86, 20-27.

Tavousi, N.; Mohtaram, M.; Sharifi, M. (2009) Journal of psychological research, No. 4; pp. 62-49. [Persian]

Wang, Y., Ke, Y., Li, J., Du, S., & Xia, Y. (2007). Dispersion behavior of core–shell silica-polymer nanoparticles. China Particuology, 5(4), 300-304.

Zapf, D., Dormann, C., & Frese, M. (1996). Longitudinal studies in organizational stress research: a review of the literature with reference to methodological issues. Journal of occupational health psychology, 1(2), 145.

Zare`, H; Aarab Sheibani, Kh. (2011) Assessing the reliability and validity of decision-making styles questionnaire in Iranian students, two -quarterly Journal of psychological research 2 (28), 112-121. [Persian]