هماهنگی تجهیزات حفاظتی در ریزشبکه‏ های مبتنی بر ژنراتور سنکرون با در نظر گرفتن حفظ پایداری نوسان اول

روش‌های هوشمند در صنعت برق

مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 54، شهریور 1402، صفحه 17-30   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

حسن فیاضی¹؛ مجید معظمی^{* 1}؛ بهادر فانی¹؛ غضنفر شاهقلیان²

¹دانشکده مهندسی برق- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران

²مرکز تحقیقات ریز شبکه های هوشمند- واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران

چکیده

با اضافه ‏شدن منابع تولید پراکنده به ساختار شبکه‏های ‏توزیع، در زمان ‏وقوع ‏خطا، میزان و جهت جریان عبوری از حفاظت‏های اصلی و پشتیبان تغییر می‏کند و هماهنگی بین آنها را برهم می‏زند. در این ‏میان منابع مبتنی بر ژنراتور سنکرون، نسبت به زمان رفع خطا حساس‏ترند و ممکن است پایداری‏شان به خطر بیفتد. با توجه به اینکه زمان رفع خطا به عملکرد سیستم حفاظتی وابسته است، این مقاله با بررسی انواع ترکیب‏ها برای المان­های حفاظتی (رله-رله، رله-ریکلوزر و ریکلوزر-فیوز)، مناسب‏ترین ترکیب حفاظتی برای سیستم­های دارای ژنراتور سنکرون را پیشنهاد می‏کند. از سوی دیگر به ارائه راه­کاری اشاره می­شود که به­وسیله آن می‏توان ضمن حفظ پایداری نوسان اول ژنراتورهای سنکرون موجود در شبکه توزیع، هماهنگی بین حفاظت اصلی و پشتیبان را در زمان وقوع خطا و در حضور این منابع حفظ نمود. در این راه­کار نیازی به تغییر و یا طراحی مجدد سیستم حفاظتی وجود ندارد. روش پیشنهادی با فعال‏سازی مشخصه آنی در کنار منحنی مشخصه رله موجود در سیستم، قادر است هماهنگی بین حفاظت‏ها و پایداری‏گذرای ژنراتورهای سنکرون موجود در سیستم توزیع را به­ازای ضریب نفوذ صفر تا 100 درصد برقرار نماید. نتایج پیاده‏سازی روش پیشنهادی بر روی سیستم تست استاندارد 33 باسه IEEE در محیط نرم­افزار ایتپ (ETAP) توانایی آن‏ را تایید می‏نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پایداری ژنراتور سنکرون؛ ریزشبکه؛ سیستم توزیع؛ هماهنگی تجهیزات حفاظتی

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