Performance of vermicomposted wastes for tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.), production: A case study of Embu, Kenya

International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agriculture

مقاله 4، دوره 10، شماره 4، اسفند 2021، صفحه 363-377   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/ijrowa.2021.1904563.1103

نویسندگان

Miriam Ogake Mochache^{* 1}؛ Rebecca Yegon²؛ Onesmus Ngetich³

¹Department of Land and Water Management, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya

²Department of Land and Water Management, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya

³Department of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya

چکیده

Purpose To investigate the effect of vermicomposted kitchen, market and tea wastes on tomato growth and yield and assess the benefits and costs that arise.
Method A field experiment arranged in the randomized complete block design with five experimental treatments: vermicomposted kitchen, market, tea wastes, NPK fertilizer and a control, replicated thrice was conducted. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flower stalks, fruit number, fruit weight, above-ground biomass, marketable tomato yield, soil nutrient content, pH, texture and exchangeable acidity. Data obtained were analyzed using SAS version 9.4 by subjecting to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Biophysical crop data means were separated using Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) test at p=0.05 significance level. T-test was used to determine the difference in soil nutrient content (Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Carbon (C)) at the beginning and end of the study. The benefits and costs were analyzed using the benefit-cost ratio formula.
Results The three vermicomposts had a similar effect (p>0.05) in influencing most of the tomato crop variables such as plant height, leaves number, branch number and flower stalks number. Tea waste vermicompost and kitchen waste vermicompost gave significantly high tomato yields of 115 t ha^-1 and 113 t ha^-1 at p=0.0001 as well as the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1.4:1.
Conclusion Tea, market and kitchen wastes have a potential for use in the production of high-quality vermicompost that can be used as a soil amendment to enhance tomato performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Nutrients؛ Earthworms؛ Amendment؛ Performance؛ Benefit

مراجع

Abdel-Mawgoud A, El-Greadly N, Helmy Y, Singer S (2007) Responses of tomato plants to different rates of humic-based fertilizer and NPK fertilization. J Appl Sci Res 3(2): 169-174

Adhikary S (2012) Vermicompost, the story of organic gold: A review. J Agric Sci 3: 905-917. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.37110

Adhikary B, Dash KP, Sajib K, Mannal A (2016) Yield response of tomato under different combination of manure and fertilizers. J Agric and Vet Sci 9 (1): 6-16. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-09110616

Ahirwar CS, Hussain A (2015) Effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of vegetable crops. Int J Appl Pure Sci Agric 1(8): 49-56

Alam M (2011) Effect of compost and vermicompost use on the yield of tomato and their economics. Paper presented at the international symposium on organic matter management and compost use in horticulture. Acta Hortic 1018: 187-194. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1018.18

Anderson JM, Ingram JSI (1993) Tropical soil biology and fertility: A handbook of methods. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK

Arah IK, Ahorbo GK, Anku EK, Kumah EK, Amaglo H (2016) Postharvest handling practices and treatment methods for tomato handlers in developing countries: A mini review. J Adv Agric, pp 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6436945

Austin PD (2015) An evaluation of vermicompost as a fast-acting nitrogen amendment to mitigate nitrogen deficiencies in organic vegetable production. Thesis, University of Vermont

Berry JW, Chappell DG, Barnes RB (1946) Improved method of flame photometry. J Ind Eng Chem Anal Ed 18(1): 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1021/i560149a005

Chanda G, Bhunia G, Chakraborty S (2013) Assessment of decomposition rate and recovery number of earthworm Perionyx excavatus perrier during vermicomposting by combined index (CBI). Glob Adv Res J Environ Sci Toxicol 2(8): 183-187

Chaulagain AD, Lamichhane JG (2017) Vermicompost and its role in plant growth promotion. Int J Res 4(8): 849-864

Cruz FJR, de MPR, Felisberto G, Santos ÁS, Barreto RF (2017) Potassium nutrition in fruits and vegetables and food safety through hydroponic system. Improvement of quality in fruits and vegetables through hydroponic nutrient management, London, United Kingdom, pp 23-44

Das SP, Moharana DP, Aslam T, Nayak NJ, Mandall AR (2017) Correlation studies of different growth, quality and yield attributing parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Int J Agric Environ Biores 2 (2): 217-223 

Devkota D, Dhakal S, Dhakal D, Dhakal D, Ojha R (2014) Economics of production and marketing of vermicompost in Chitwan, Nepal. Int J Agric Soil Sci 2: 112-117

Embu County Government (2013) County integrated development plan 2013-2017. http://www.embu.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/embu-county-draft-cidp.pdf. Accessed 3 October 2017

Eswaran N, Mariselvi S (2016) Efficacy of vermicompost on growth and yield parameters of Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato). Int J Sci Res Pub 6(1): 95-108

Etissa E, Dechassa N, Alamirew T, Alemayehu Y, Desalegn L (2013) Growth and yield components of tomato as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applications in different growing seasons. Ethiop J Agric Sci 24(1): 57-77

Food and Agriculture Organization (2019) FAOSTAT. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL

Gacheri V (2016) Effects of coloured agronets in the management of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) pests and tomato yield in Kenya. Thesis, Kenyatta University 

Gopinathan P, Prakash M (2014) Effect of vermicompost enriched with bio-fertilizers on the productivity of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum mill.). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 3(9): 1238-1245

Guo L, Wu G, Li C, Liu W, Yu X, Cheng D, Jiang G (2015) Vermicomposting with maize increases agricultural benefits by 304%. Agron Sustain Dev 35(3): 1149-1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0307-0

Hinga G, Muchena FN, Njihia CM (1980) Physical and Chemical Methods of Soil Analysis. National Agricultural research Laboratories, Nairobi, Kenya

Hyder SI, Farooq M, Sultan T, Ali A, Ali M, Kiani MZ, Tabssam T (2015) Optimizing yield and nutrients content in tomato by vermicompost application under greenhouse conditions. Nat Resour 6(7): 457-464. https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2015.67044

Joshi R, Vig AP (2010) Effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). Afr J Basic Appl Sci 2(3-4): 117-123

Kariithi T (2018) Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of amaranths in Kiambu County, Kenya. Thesis, Kenyatta University  

Kashem MA, Sarker A, Hossain I, Islam MS (2015) Comparison of the effect of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers on vegetative growth and fruit production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Open J Soil Sci 5(02): 53-58. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2015.52006

Kisaka OM, Mucheru-Muna M, Ngetich FK, Mugwe J (2014) Rainfall variability, drought characterization and efficacy of rainfal data reconstruction: Case of eastern Kenya. Adv Met 2014: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/380404

Leghari SJ, Wahocho NA, Laghari GM, HafeezLaghari A, MustafaBhabhan G, HussainTalpur K,  Lashari AA (2016) Role of nitrogen for plant growth and development: A review. Adv Environ Biol 10(9): 209-219

Mahmud M, Abdullah R, Yaacob J (2018) Effect of vermicompost amendment on nutritional status of sandy loam soil, growth performance, and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. MD2) under field conditions. Agron J 8(9): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8090183

Malhotra H, Sharma S, Pandey R (2018) Phosphorus nutrition: Plant growth in response to deficiency and excess. In Plant Nutrients and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. New Delhi, India, pp. 171-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9044-8_7

Mehlich A, Pinkerton A, Robertson W, Kepton R (1962) Mass analysis methods for soil fertility evaluation. Cyclostyled Paper, National Agric. Laboratories, Nairobi, Kenya

Mochache M, Yegon R, Ng’etich O (2019) Vermicomposting kitchen, municipal market and tea factory wastes using Eisenia fetida earthworms. Int J Environ Agric Biotech 4(3): 865-873. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/4.3.37

Mohamed AA, Abdrabbo M, Abul-Soud M, Farag A (2015) Economic considerations of using different types of organic manure on sweet pepper yield under protected cultivation. Int J Innov Appl Stud 13(1): 185-189

Montes J, Technow F, Dhillon B, Mauch F, Melchinger A (2011) High-throughput non-destructive biomass determination during early plant development in maize under field conditions. Field Crops Res 121: 268-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.12.017

Mukta S, Rahman MM, Mortuza MG (2016) Yield and nutrient content of tomato as influenced by the application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers. J Environ Sci Nat Resour, pp. 115-122. https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26877

Nas TF (2016) Cost-benefit analysis: Theory and application. 2^nd Edition, Lexington Books, Australia, 252 pp

Nganga GM (2017) Effect of plant spacing and inorganic fertilizer rate on tomato seed production. Thesis, University of Nairobi

Nurhidayati N, Machfudz M, Murwani I (2018) Direct and residual effect of various vermicompost on soil nutrient and nutrient uptake dynamics and productivity of four mustard Pak-Coi (Brassica rapa L.) sequences in organic farming system. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 7(2): 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-018-0203-0

Ochilo WN, Nyamasyo GN, Kilalo D, Otieno W, Otipa M, Chege F, Lingeera EK (2019) Characteristics and production constraints of smallholder tomato production in Kenya. Sci Afr 2: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2018.e00014

Okalebo JR, Gathua KW, Woomer, PL (2002) Laboratory methods of soil and plant analysis: A working manual. Second edition. TSBF-CIAT and SACRED Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

Olanrewaju T (2017) Trend analysis of tomato production in Nigeria 2010 to 2014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319987223_Trend_Analysis_Of_Tomato_Production_In_Nigeria_2010_TO_2014. Accessed 3 September 2019

Oseko E, Dienya T (2015) Fertilizer consumption and fertilizer use by crop (FUBC) in Kenya.  https://africafertilizer.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FUBC-Kenya-final-report-2015.pdf. Accessed 5 November 2019

Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (1982) Methods of soil analysis (eds). Part 2. American Society of Agronomy. 2 nd edn, Madison, Winconsin, USA, pp 595-622

Parekh SA, Mehta MJ (2015) Vermicomposting as sustainable option for organic waste management. Int J Innov Emerg Res Eng 2(1):13-20

Popović V, Tatić M, Spalević V, Rajičić V, Filipović V, Šarčević-Todosijević LJ, Stevanović P (2017) Effect of nitrogen fertilization on soybean plant height in arid year. In Proceedings, 2nd International and 14th National Congress of Soil Science Society of Serbia “Solutions and Projections for Sustainable Soil Management, pp. 65-73

Rahman H, Akter A (2018) Effect of kitchen waste compost and vermi-compost in combination with chemical fertilizer on the production of tomato. Research & Reviews: J Crop Sci Technol 6(3): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22593.40803

Saranraj P, Stella D (2012) Vermicomposting and its importance in improvement of soil nutrients and agricultural crops. Novus Nat Sci Res 1(1): 14-23

Sheffy J (2007) Organic farming in Kenya: A growing demand for consistent supply. Global Environmental Management Education Center. https://www.ifoam.bio/sites/default/files/page/files/organicfarminginkenya-growingdemandforconsistentsupply.pdf. Accessed 24 October 2019

Sultana S, Kashem MA, Mollah  AK (2015) Comparative assessment of cow manure vermicompost and NPK fertilizers and on the growth and production of zinnia (Zinnia elegans) flower. Open J Soil Sci 5(09): 193. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2015.59019

Taleshi K., Shokoh-Far A, Rafiee M, Noormahamadi G, Sakinejhad T (2011) Effect of vermicompost and nitrogen levels on yield and yield component of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under late season drought stress. Int J Agron Plant Prod 2(1): 15-22

Tesfay T, Gebremariam M, Gebretsadik K., Hagazi M, Girmay S (2018) Tomato yield and economic performance under vermicompost and mineral fertilizer applications. Open Agric J 12(1): 262-269. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331501812010262

Thomson Reuters Foundation (2018) With ‘worm juice’, Kenya’s farmers boost their soil and harvests. https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-14-with-worm-juice-kenyas-farmers-boost-their-soil-and-harvests. Accessed 24 October 2019

Thuy PT, Nghia NTA, Dung PT (2017) Effects of vermicompost levels on the growth and yield of HT152 tomato variety grown organically. Int J Agric Innov Res 5 (4): 513-518

Vaidyanathan G, Vijayalakshmi, A (2017) Effect of vermicompost on growth and yield of Tomato. Eur J Pharm Med Res 4 (9): 653-656

Verde BS, Danga BO, Mugwe JN (2013) Effects of manure, lime and mineral P fertilizer on soybean yields and soil fertility in a humic nitisol in the central highlands of Kenya. Int J Agric Sci Res 2(9): 283-291

Wachira JM (2012) Comparative analysis of greenhouse versus open-field small-scale tomato production in Nakuru-North district, Kenya. Thesis. Egerton University  

Wamuswa N (2017) How I grow the best tomatoes in town. https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001237284/how-i-grow-the-best-tomatoes-in-town. Accessed 24 October 2019

Wang XX, Zhao F, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Yang L (2017) Vermicompost improves tomato yield and quality and the biochemical properties of soils with different tomato planting history in a greenhouse study. Front Plant Sci 8: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01978

Xiao Z, Liu M, Jiang L, Chen X., Griffiths BS, Li H, Hu F (2016) Vermicompost increases defense against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tomato plants. Appl Soil Ecol 105: 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.003

 

Xiukang W, Yingying X (2016) Evaluation of the effect of irrigation and fertilization by drip fertigation on tomato yield and water use efficiency in greenhouse. Int J Agron 2016: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3961903

Xu C, Mou B (2016) Vermicompost affects soil properties and spinach growth, physiology, and nutritional value. HortScience 51(7): 847-855. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.51.7.847

Yadav A, Garg VK (2015) Influence of vermi-fortification on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growth and photosynthetic pigments. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 4: 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-015-0109-z

Zuba SN, Nogueira WCL, Fernandes LA, Sampaio RA, Costa CD (2011) Yield and nutrition of tomato using different nutrient sources. Hortic Bras 29(1): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-05362011000100009

Zucco MA, Walters SA, Chong SK, Klubek BP, Masabni JG (2015) Effect of soil type and vermicompost applications on tomato growth. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 4:135-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-015-0093-3