Effect of Drought Stress on Morphophysiological Traits of Thymus vulgaris L. in a Field Experiment, Borujerd, Iran

Journal of Rangeland Science

دوره 11، شماره 4، دی 2021، صفحه 470-479   

نوع مقاله: Research and Full Length Article

نویسندگان

Davod Akhzari^{* 1}؛ Hamidreza Kavian²

¹Faculty Member of Malayer University, Malayer 6571995863, Iran. Department of Nature Engineering

²Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment,Malayer University, Iran

چکیده

The plants can absorb nutrients and reduce water in face to drought stress. These conditions reduce plant growth rate and change physiological traits. In this study, the effect of drought stress on morphological and physiological characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L. was investigated under water deficit condition. A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation levels as 90% Field Capacity (90%FC), 50% FC and 25% FC based on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in four replications. The seedlings of T. vulgaris were moved to the field and planted in early spring. The field was irrigated for each treatment for 3 months (June to August 2019). The soil moisture for each treatment was determined by the pressure plate method. At the end of the experiment, three plants in each plot were taken with their roots. The results of ANOVA showed significant differences between treatments for all the traits (P<0.05). For shoot length, the highest and lowest values of 43.2 and 19.9 cm were obtained in 90% FC and 25% FC, respectively. The highest shoot weight (13.66 g) and the lowest root weight (7.33 g) were obtained in 90% FC treatment. The highest and lowest values of both (total nitrogen and potassium) were obtained in 90% FC and 25% FC, respectively. The highest and lowest proline contents with values of 4.2 and 2.3 μmol/g FW were obtained in 25% FC and 90% FC, respectively. The highest values of soluble carbohydrates, Catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) activity were obtained in 25% FC compared to other treatment. Based on the results of present study, T. vulgaris L. is a suitable plant species for cultivation under drought stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Catalase؛ Thyme؛ Proline؛ Morphological؛ Field capacity

مراجع

Agarwal, S. and Pandey, V. 2004. Antioxidant Enzyme Responses to NaCl Stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum, 48, 555-560.

Akhzari, D. and Ghasemi Aghbash, F. 2013. Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on the Seedling Growth and Physiological Traits of Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides stapf.). ECOPERSIA, 1(4), 339-352.

Akhzari, D. and Shayganfar, A. 2019. The Interaction of Artemisia Persica Allelopathy, Drought and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Physiological Indices of Ferula Haussknechtii H. Wolff Ex Rech.F. Ecopersia 7(4), 203-210.

Ali, S. G. and Rab, A. 2017. The influence of salinity and drought stress on sodium, potassium and proline content of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Rio Grande. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 49, 1-9.

AOAC. 1984. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytic Chemist (14th ed.). Washington, DC: AOAC.

Babaee, K., Arnini Dehaghi, M., Modares Sanavi, S.A.M. and Jabbari, R. 2010. Water deficit effect on morphology, prolin content and thymol percentage of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(2), 239-251. In Persian

Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P. and Teare, I. D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil, 39, 205–207.

Bayat, H. and Moghadam, A.N. 2019. Drought effects on growth, water status, proline content and antioxidant system in three Salvia nemorosa L. cultivars. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 41, 413-420.

Boukhatem, M.N., Darwish, N.H.E., Sudha, T., Bahlouli, S., Kellou, D., Benelmouffok, A.B., Chader, H., Rajabi, M., Benali, Y. and Mousa, Sh. 2020. In vitro antifungal and topical anti-inflammatory properties of essential oil fromwild-growing Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) used for medicinal purposes in algeria: A new source of carvacrol. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 88(33), 1-19.

Farid Giglo, B., Arami, A. and Akhzari, D. 2014. Assessing the Role of Some Soil Properties on Aggregate Stability Using Path Analysis (Case Study: Silty-Clay-Loam and Clay-Loam Soil from Gully Lands in North West of Iran). ECOPERSIA, 2(2), 513-523.

Ghaderi, A. A., Fakheri, B.A. and Mahdi-Nezhad, N. 2018. Evaluation of the morphological and physiological traits of thyme under water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid. Journal of Agriculture, 19(4), 817-835.

Hosseini, M., Hasanloo, T. and Mohammadi, S. 2015. Physiological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities, and gene expression in 2 spring canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under drought stress conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 39, 413-420.

Jabeen, M., Nudrat, A., Muhammad Ashraf, M. A. M. and Aziz, A. 2019. Assessment of Biochemical Changes in Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) Subjected to Varying Water Regimes. Sains Malaysiana, 48(3), 533–541.

Khan, F., Upreti, P., Singh, R., Shukla, P.K. and Shirke, P.A. 2017. Physiological performance of two contrasting rice varieties under water stress. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 23, 85–97.

Kochert, 1978. Carbohydrate determination by phenol-sulfuric acid method. In: J.A. Hellebust and J.S. Craige, Editors, Handbook of physiological and biochemical methods, Cambridge University Press, London, 95–97.

Lorenzo, J. M., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Gavahian, M., Marszałek, K., Eş, I., Munekata, P. E. S., Ferreira, I. C. F. R. and Barba, F. J. 2018. Understanding the potential benefits of thyme and its derived products for food industry and consumer health: From extraction of value‐added compounds to the evaluation of bioaccessibility, bioavailability, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1–17.

Pazoki, A., Rezaee, A., Habibi, D. and Paknejad, F. 2012. Effects of drought stress, ascorbate and gibberellin spraying on some morphological traits, leaf relative water content and cell membrane stability of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 8(1), 1-13.

Pratima, P., Sharma, N., and Belsare, C. 2018. Effect of water stress on leaf nutrient status and frequency of irrigation in various cultivars of kiwifruit. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10 (1), 339-346.

Razavizadeh, R., Farahzadianpoor, F., Adabavazeh, F. and Komatsu, S. 2019. Physiological and morphological analyses of Thymus vulgaris L. in vitro cultures under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology, 55, 342-357.

Sariri, R., Sajedi, R.H., Jafarian, V. and Khaje, Kh. 2006. Inhibition of horse-radish peroxidase by thiol type inhibitors. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 123, 20-23.

Yu, Y., Bi, C., Wang, Q. and Ni, Z. 2019. Over expression of TaSIM provides increased drought stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 512 (1), 66-71.

Yue, X., Zuo, X., Yu, Q., Xu, C., Lv, P., Zhang, J., Knapp, A. K. and Smith, M. D. 2019. Response of plant functional traits of Leymus chinensis to extreme drought in Inner Mongolia grasslands. Plant Ecology, 220, 141–149.