Chemical and spectroscopy characterization of a compost from food waste applying the hot composting Berkeley method

International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agriculture

مقاله 1، دوره 11، شماره 2، شهریور 2022، صفحه 153-164   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/ijrowa.2021.1897439.1052

نویسندگان

Bruna Marraccini Precioso de Oliveira¹؛ Marco Antônio Leal²؛ Danielle França de Oliveira¹؛ Andrés Calderín García^{* 1}

¹Laboratório de Química Biológica do Solo, Departamento de Solos, Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

²Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

چکیده

Purpose This study aims to characterize the compost produced under low input conditions in thirty days of composting from food wastes applying the hot composting Berkeley method (HCBM) by ¹³C NMR CP/MAS techniques combined with evaluation of chemometric, physical and chemical parameters.
Method The composting process from food waste was carried out following the recommendations of the Hot Composting Berkeley method. At 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23 and 25 days turning was carried out, totaling eleven turns and the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dry density, potential CO₂ emission and potential NH₃ emission were quantified. The metal content in the compost was determined after 25 days. The structural modifications of compost process were monitored by ¹³C-NMR CP MAS spectroscopic and chemometrics analysis.
Results Composting takes place immediately and continues for 15 days through transformation to more labile lipid, carbohydrate and proteinaceous molecules (C_Alkyl-H,R; C_Alkyl-O; C_Alkyl-O,N) with increasing temperature and pH. After 15 days, there is a CO₂ and NH₃ emission reduction as well as preservation of recalcitrant molecules with more aromatic and nonpolar characteristics (C_Aromatic-H,R; C_Aromatic-O,N).
Conclusion The compost obtained at 25 days of composting by applying HCBM has greater hydrophobicity and aromaticity and is rich in mineral elements important for plant nutrition. The application of HCBM to food waste allowed to obtain a stabilized compost in ecological production conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Humification؛ Composting؛ Spectroscopy؛ Gas emission

مراجع

Abreu JCH, Muraoka T, Lavorante AF, Alvarez VFF (2000) Condutividade elétrica, reação do solo e acidez potencial em solos adubados com composto de lixo. Rev Bras Ciênc Solo SEÇÃO IX - Poluição Do Solo E Qualidade Ambiental.  https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832000000300016 

Awasthi SK, Sarsaiya S, Awasthi MK, Liu T, Zhao J, Kumar S, Zhang Z (2020) Changes in global trends in food waste composting: Research challenges and opportunities. Bioresour Technol 299:122555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122555

Azim K, Soudi B, Boukhari S, Perissol C, Roussos S, Alami IT (2018) Composting parameters and compost quality: A literature review. Org Agric 8(2):141-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-017-0180-z

Baddi GA, Alburquerque JA, Gonzálvez J, Cegarra J, Hafidi M (2004) Chemical and spectroscopic analyses of organic matter transformations during composting of olive mill wastes. Int Biodeter Biodegr 54:39-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2003.12.004

Balmori DM, Domínguez CYA, Carreras CR, Rebatos SM, Farías LBP, Izquierdo FG, García AC (2019) Foliar application of humic liquid extract from vermicompost improves garlic (Allium sativum L.) production and fruit quality. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 8:103–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0279-1

Barrena R, Canovas C, Sánchez A (2006) Prediction of temperature and thermal inertia effect in the maturation stage and stockpiling of a large composting mass. Waste Manage 26:953-959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.023

Barthod J, Rumpel C, Calabi-Floody M, Mora ML, Bolan NS, Dignac MF (2018) Adding worms during composting of organic waste with red mud and fly ash reduces CO₂ emissions and increases plant available nutrient contents. J Environ Manage 222:207-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.079

Beck-Friis B, Smårs S, Jönsson H, Kirchmann H (2001) Gaseous emissions of carbon dioxide, ammonia and nitrous oxide from organic household waste in a compost reactor under different temperature regimes. J Agric Eng Res 78:423–430.  https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.2000.0662

Bernal MP, Alburquerque JA, Moral R (2009) Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment. A review. Bioresour Technol 100:5444-5453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.027

Brito LM, Amaro AL, Mourão I, Coutinho J (2008) Transformação da matéria orgânica e do nitrogênio durante a compostagem da fração sólida do chorume bovino. Rev Bras Ciênc Solo 32:1959-1968. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832008000500017 

Cao Y, Wang J, Huang H, Sun E, Butterly C, Xu Y, Chang Z (2019) Spectroscopic evidence for hyperthermophilic pretreatment intensifying humification during pig manure and rice straw composting. Bioresour Technol 294:122131.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122131

Clark G (2019) Technologies for compost production from plant byproducts. In: Benjamin K (Ed) Byproducts from agriculture and fisheries: Adding value for food, feed, pharma, and fuels, 1st edn. Wiley, New York, pp 545-562

Dadi D, Daba G, Beyene A, Luis P, Van der Bruggen B (2019) Composting and co-composting of coffee husk and pulp with source-separated municipal solid waste: A breakthrough in valorization of coffee waste. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 8(3):263-277.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0256-8

de Souza CDCB, do Amaral Sobrinho NMB, Lima ESA, de Oliveira Lima J, do Carmo MGF, García AC (2019) Relation between changes in organic matter structure of poultry litter and heavy metals solubility during composting. J Environ Manage 247:291-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.072

El Hajjouji H, Bailly JR, Winterton P, Merlina G, Revel JC, Hafidi M (2008) Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of olive mill wastewater during a biological treatment. Bioresour Technol 99:4958-4965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.025

EPA US (1996) Method 3050B: Acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, USA. https://www.epa.gov. Accessed 20 April 2020

Fang W, Wei Y, Liu J (2016) Comparative characterization of sewage sludge compost and soil: Heavy metal leaching characteristics. J Hazard Mater 310:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.025

Fang W, Delapp RC, Kosson DS, van der Sloot HA, Liu J (2017) Release of heavy metals during long-term land application of sewage sludge compost: Percolation leaching tests with repeated additions of compost. Chemosphere 169:271-280.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.086

Fukumoto Y, Osada T, Hanajima D, Haga K (2003) Patterns and quantities of NH₃, N₂O and CH₄ emissions during swine manure composting without forced aeration-effect of compost pile scale. Bioresour Technol 89:109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00060-9

García AC, Izquierdo FG, González OLH, de Armas MMD, López RH, Rebato SM, Berbara RLL (2013) Biotechnology of humified materials obtained from vermicomposts for sustainable agroecological purposes. Afr J Biotechnol 12(7). https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBX12.014

Ghinea C, Apostol LC, Prisacaru AE, Leahu A (2019) Development of a model for food waste composting. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:4056-4069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3939-1

Gu W, Lu Y, Tan Z, Xu P, Xie K, Li X, Sun L (2017) Fungi diversity from different depths and times in chicken manure waste static aerobic composting. Bioresour Technol 239:447-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.047

Harrison RB (2008) Composting and formation of humic substances. In: Jørgensen SE,Brian DF (Ed) Encyclopedia of ecology, 1st Edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 713-719

He X, Zhang Y, Shen M, Zeng G, Zhou M, Li M (2016) Effect of vermicomposting on concentration and speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge with additive materials. Bioresour Technol 218:867-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.045

Huang J, Yu Z, Gao H, Yan X, Chang J, Wang C, Zhang L (2017) Chemical structures and characteristics of animal manures and composts during composting and assessment of maturity indices. PloS one 12(6):e0178110. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178110

Inácio CT, Procópio AS, Miller PRM (2009) Dinâmica de O₂, CO₂ e CH₄ em leiras estáticas de compostagem durante a fase termofílica. In: Congresso Brasileiro De Resíduos Orgânicos, 2 a 9 de outubro de 2009, Vitória. Vitória: Incaper

Jahnel MC, Melloni R, Cardoso EJBN (2000) Maturidade de composto de lixo urbano. Sci. Agr 57:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90161999000200007 

Jindo K, Sánchez-Monedero MA, Matsumoto K, Sonoki T (2019) The efficiency of a low dose of biochar in enhancing the aromaticity of humic-like substance extracted from poultry manure compost. Agronomy 9(5):248. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050248

Keeler C, Kelly EF, Maciel GE (2006) Chemical–structural information from solid-state ¹³C NMR studies of a suite of humic materials from a lower montane forest soil, Colorado, USA. Geoderma 130(1-2):124-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.015

Kiehl EJ (2002) Manual da compostagem, maturação e qualidade do composto [ Manual of composting, maturation and quality of compost ]. USP Repository Piracicaba pp 171

Kranz CN, McLaughlin RA, Johnson A, Miller G, Heitman JL (2020) The effects of compost incorporation on soil physical properties in urban soils–A concise review. J Environ Manage 261:110209.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110209

Leal MAA, Guerra JGM, Peixoto RTG, Almeida DL (2007) Utilização de compostos orgânicos como substratos na produção de mudas de hortaliças. Hortic Bras 25:392-395. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-05362007000300014

Maccari AP, Corá Segat J, Testa M, Maluche-Baretta CRD, Baretta D (2020) The effect of composted and non-composted poultry litter on survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 9(1):99-105. https://doi.org/10.30486/IJROWA.2020.1885804.1012

Maqbool M, Rehman NZ (2015) Resource management through rapid compositing technique: A review. Res  J  Agric Sci 6:709-715

Martín-Mata J, Lahoz-Ramos C, Bustamante MA, Marhuenda-Egea FC, Moral R, Santos A, Bernal MP (2016) Thermal and spectroscopic analysis of organic matter degradation and humification during composting of pig slurry in different scenarios. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23 (17):17357-17369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6838-3

Mbarek HB, Mahmoud IB, Chaker R, Rigane H, Maktouf S, Arous A, Gargouri K (2019) Change of soil quality based on humic acid with date palm compost incorporation. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 8(3):317-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0254-x

Nawawi WNW, Ramli N, Daud NM (2016) Producing fertilizer from food waste recycling using Berkeley and Bokashi method. J Ponte 72(4):75-83. https://doi.org/ 10.21506/j.ponte.2016.4.11

Oliveira EAG, Leal MDA, Rocha MDS, Guerra J, Ribeiro R (2014) Avaliação da estabilidade de materiais orgânicos por meio de incubação e da captura conjunta das emissões de CO₂ e de NH₃. Embrapa Agrobiologia-Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1002664. Accessed 20 April 2020

Raabe RD (2015) The rapid composting method. Cooperative extension, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Leaflet 21251. http://vric.ucdavis.edu/pdf/compost_rapidcompost.pdf. Accessed 20 April 2020

Salmon M (2012) Composting: The Berkeley method. http://murramarangcommunitygarden.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/4/7/11473899/composting20berkley20method.pdf. Accessed 20 April 2020

Sánchez-Monedero MA, Roig A, Paredes C, Bernal MP (2001) Nitrogen transformation during organic waste composting by the Rutgers system and its effects on pH, EC and maturity of the composting mixtures. Bioresour Technol 78:301-308.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00031-1

Silva ME, Brás I, Cunha-Queda AC, Nunes OC (2019) Influence of heavy metals fraction on quality of composts. In:  Vilarinho C, Castro F (Ed) Wastes: Solutions, treatments and opportunities III: Selected papers from the 5th International Conference Wastes 2019, 1th edn. CRC Press Lisbon, Portugal, pp 293

Song G, Novotny EH, Simpson AJ, Clapp CE, Hayes MHB (2008) Sequential exhaustive extraction of a Mollisol soil, and characterizations of humic components, including humin, by solid and solution state NMR. Eur J Soil Sci 59(3):505-516.  https://doi.org//10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.01006.x

Stewart-Wade SM (2020) Efficacy of organic amendments used in containerized plant production: Part 1–Compost-based amendments. Sci Hortic 266:108856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108856

Thomas EY, Adiku SGK, Atkinson CJ, Omueh JAI, Marcarthy DS (2019) Evaluation of CO₂ emission from rice husk biochar and cowdung manure co-compost preparation. J Agric Sci 11(17):158-166. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n17p158

Tognetti C, Mazzarino MJ, Laos F (2007) Improving the quality of municipal organic waste compost. Bioresour Technol 98:1067-1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.04.025

Tomati U, Madejon E, Galli E, Capitani D, Segre AL (2001) Structural changes of humic acids during olive mill pomace composting. Compost Sci Util 9(2):134–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2001.10702027

Tuomela M, Vikman M, Hatakka A, Itavaara M (2000) Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: a review. Bioresour Technol 72:169–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00104-2

Veeresh SJ, Narayana J, da Silva JT (2010) Influence of jeevamrutha (biodynamic formulation) on agro-industrial waste vermicomposting. Vermitechnology II, 4:96-99

Voběrková S, Maxianová A, Schlosserová N, Adamcová D, Vršanská M, Richtera L, Vaverková MD (2020) Food waste composting-Is it really so simple as stated in scientific literature? A case study. Sci Total Environ 720(25):138202.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138202

Yang Y, Zhang X, Yang Z, Xi B, Liu H (2008) Turnover and loss of nitrogenous compounds during composting of food wastes. Front Environ Sci En 2:251-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-008-0042-8 

Zhu F, Pan Z, Hong C, Wang W, Chen X, Xue Z, Yao Y (2016) Analysis of volatile organic compounds in compost samples: A potential tool to determine appropriate composting time. Waste Manage 58:98-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.06.021

Zhu-Barker X, Bailey SK, Burger M, Horwath WR (2017) Greenhouse gas emissions from green waste composting windrow. Waste Manage 59:70-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.004