Land-Use Modification based on Transit-Oriented Development adjacent to Historical Context (Case Study: Qazvin City)

Space Ontology International Journal

دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 38، آذر 2021، صفحه 67-79   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22094/soij.2021.1929092.1416

نویسندگان

Hamid Mirzahossein^* ؛ Amir Abbas Rassafi؛ Kaveh Sadeghi؛ Pooyan Najafi

Department of Civil-Transportation Planning, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

چکیده

Nowadays, improving public transport alone is not enough to solve urban traffic congestion, and a proper land-use planning scheme should accompany it. One of the approaches to solve this problem is mutual interaction between land-use and transportation called Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). Since Qazvin, as a historical city that was Iran's medieval capital in the Safavid dynasty (1555-1598), was selected as a pilot to implement TOD by the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development (MRUD), knowing the various aspects of this issue is essential. This paper presents the best-generated plan for land use modification around the concerned TOD stations adjacent to Qazvin city's historical areas. In this regard, a mathematical model with four objectives is developed to preserve historical context and signify optimized mixed-use using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) based on Python programming. First, maximize the density of commercial, residential, and mixed land use. Secondly, minimize the TOD skyline border to preserve the zone's historical identity. Thirdly, minimize land-use changes as much as possible to save the regions' context, and finally, increase the density of the land use allocation based on the TOD rules. In station 6, the most change related to residential decreased by about 30 percent, but at station 19, the most remarkable change related to commercial decreased about 10 percent.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)؛ Genetic Algorithm (GA)؛ Historical Areas؛ Qazvin

مراجع

1. Jahanshahi, M.H., Sustainable urban development based on public transport. jostar hay shahersaze, 2008. 26-27(7): p. 34-43.
2. Yaliniz, P., et al., Evaluation of urban public transportation efficiency in Kutahya, Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011. 20: p. 885-895.
3. Brown, L.J., D. Dixon, and O. Gillham, Urban Design for an Urban Century: Placemaking for People. 2009: Wiley.
4. Savory, R., Iran under the Safavids. 1980: Cambridge University Press.
5. Ali, L., et al., Dynamics of Transit-Oriented Development, Role of Greenhouse Gases and Urban Environment: A Study for Management and Policy. Sustainability, 2021. 13(5): p. 2536.
6. Ibraeva, A., et al., Transit-oriented development: A review of research achievements and challenges. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2020. 132: p. 110-130.
7. Nasri, A. and L. Zhang, The analysis of transit-oriented development (TOD) in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore metropolitan areas. Transport Policy, 2014. 32: p. 172-179.
8. Pan, H., et al., What determines rail transit passenger volume? Implications for transit-oriented development planning. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2017. 57: p. 52-63.
9. Ewing, R., et al., Trip and parking generation at transit-oriented developments: Five US case studies. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2017. 160: p. 69-78.
10. Tian, G., et al., Trip and parking generation at transit-oriented developments: a case study of Redmond TOD, Seattle region. Transportation, 2017. 44(5): p. 1235-1254.
11. Shirke, C., et al., Transit-Oriented Development and Its Impact on Level of Service of Roads & METRO: A Case Study of Mumbai Metro Line-I. Transportation Research Procedia, 2017. 25: p. 3035-3054.
12. Park, K., et al., The impacts of built environment characteristics of rail station areas on household travel behavior. Cities, 2018. 74: p. 277-283.
13. Pongprasert, P. and H. Kubota, TOD residents’ attitudes toward walking to transit station: a case study of transit-oriented developments (TODs) in Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of Modern Transportation, 2019. 27(1): p. 39-51.
14. Duncan, M., Would the replacement of park-and-ride facilities with transit-oriented development reduce vehicle kilometers traveled in an auto-oriented US region? Transport Policy, 2019. 81: p. 293-301.
15. Xu, T., M. Zhang, and P.T. Aditjandra, The impact of urban rail transit on commercial property value: New evidence from Wuhan, China. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2016. 91: p. 223-235.
16. Yu, H., H. Pang, and M. Zhang, Value-added effects of transit-oriented development: The impact of urban rail on commercial property values with consideration of spatial heterogeneity. Papers in Regional Science, 2018. 97(4): p. 1375-1396.
17. Olaru, D., B. Smith, and J.H.E. Taplin, Residential location and transit-oriented development in a new rail corridor. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2011. 45(3): p. 219-237.
18. Kamruzzaman, M., et al., Commuting mode choice in transit-oriented development: Disentangling the effects of competitive neighborhoods, travel attitudes, and self-selection. Transport Policy, 2015. 42: p. 187-196.
19. Ratner, K.A. and A.R. Goetz, The reshaping of land use and urban form in Denver through transit-oriented development. Cities, 2013. 30: p. 31-46.
20. Zhao, P., et al., Disintegration of metro and land development in transition China: A dynamic analysis in Beijing. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2018. 116: p. 290-307.
21. Zhao, L. and L. Shen, The impacts of rail transit on future urban land use development: A case study in Wuhan, China. Transport Policy, 2019. 81: p. 396-405.
22. Kamruzzaman, M., et al., Advance transit-oriented development typology: a case study in Brisbane, Australia. Journal of Transport Geography, 2014. 34: p. 54-70.
23. Strong, K.C., et al., Decision Support Framework for Transit-Oriented Development Projects. Transportation Research Record, 2017. 2671(1): p. 51-58.
24. Ke, L., K. Furuya, and S. Luo, Case comparison of typical transit-oriented-development stations in Tokyo district in the context of sustainability: Spatial visualization analysis based on FAHP and GIS. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2021. 68: p. 102788.
25. Wey, W.-M., H. Zhang, and Y.-J. Chang, Alternative transit-oriented development evaluation in sustainable built environment planning. Habitat International, 2016. 55: p. 109-123.
26. Wey, W.-M., Smart growth and transit-oriented development planning in site selection for a new metro transit station in Taipei, Taiwan. Habitat International, 2015. 47: p. 158-168.
27. Sung, H., and J.-T. Oh, Transit-oriented development in a high-density city: Identifying its association with transit ridership in Seoul, Korea. Cities, 2011. 28(1): p. 70-82.
28. Yang, J., et al., Density-oriented versus development-oriented transit investment: Decoding metro station location selection in Shenzhen. Transport Policy, 2016. 51: p. 93-102.
29. Ma, X., et al., Sustainable station-level planning: An integrated transport and land use design model for transit-oriented development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018. 170: p. 1052-1063.
30. Sahu, A., A methodology to modify land uses in a transit-oriented development scenario. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018. 213: p. 467-477.
31. Mirzahossein, H., et al., Overview of the Literature on the Transit-Oriented Development to Investigate a Practical Solution for Traffic Congestion in Iran Cities. International Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2020. 7(4): p. 355-372.
32. Behzadfar, M. and M. Zabihi, Transit-Oriented Development: Plan Making Guideline in Urban Areas. Bagh-e Nazar, 2012.
33. Rafiean, M., H. Asgari Tafreshi, and E. Siddiqui, Function for Approach of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in Land-Use Planning Case Study: Sadeghieh Metro Station. Spatial Planning (Modares Human Sciences), 2011. 14: p. 295-312.
34. Momayez's, s. and n. Poormoalem, Locating new TODs for Isfahan city to reduce downtown traffic volume, in First International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Sustainable Green City. 2017: Hamedan.
35. Alalhesabi, M., N. Bonyadi, and M. Rabiee, Urban design of station complex in the approach of TOD (case study:allame majlesi station-junction of line4 metro and line 2 brt of Mashhad), in On urban design. 2011, ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY Central Tehran Branch.
36. Alalhesabi, M. and S. Moradi, On Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and the criteria for determining TOD centers: The case of Shiraz metro line 1. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 2010. 2(41): p. 111-122.
37. Zabihi, H., B. Abdolah, and B. Abdolah, Evaluating and Determining the Role of the Government Gate Station Complex with Public Transport-Based Development (TOD) Approach. motale'at moderyat shhrey, 2017. 8(26): p. 19-30.
38. Rafiean, M. and Z. Akbari, Urban Land Use Planning around Shoush Station with Emphasis on Transit Oriented Development Approach, in Department of Urban & Regional Planning. 2011, TarbiatModarres University: TarbiatModarres University. p. 151.
39. Abbaszadegan, M., R. Rezazadeh, and M. Mohammadi, Transit-Oriented Development and Role of Tehran Subway System. Bagh-e Nazar, 2011. 8(17): p. 43-58.
40. Motieyan, H. and M.S. Mesgari, Towards Sustainable Urban Planning Through Transit-Oriented Development (A Case Study: Tehran). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2017. 6(12): p. 402.
41. Shahriar Afandizadeh, Z., M. Hamid, and C. Yi-Chang, Quick Link Selection Method by Using Pricing Strategy Based on User Equilibrium for Implementing an Effective Urban Travel Demand Management. Promet - Traffic&Transportation, 2016. 28(6).
42. Cervero, R., Transit-oriented development in the United States: Experiences, challenges, and prospects. Vol. 102. 2004: Transportation Research Board.
43. Guerra, E., R. Cervero, and D. Tischler, Half-mile circle: does it best represent transit station catchments? Transportation Research Record, 2012. 2276(1): p. 101-109.
44. Rotblat, H.J., Structural impediments to change in the Qazvin bazaar. Iranian Studies, 1972. 5(4): p. 130-148.
45. Pourjafar, M., Organizing the Cultural, Historical Axes of Qazvin City with Contextualism Approach,(Case Study: Street Peighambarieh). Space Ontology International Journal, 2017. 6(3): p. 1-16.
46. Taghavi, M. and G.A. Hatam, Evaluation of Seljuk and Safavid designs and arrays monuments in Qazvin. Advances in Environmental Biology, 2015: p. 204-215.
47. Zarabadi, N., New life for old buildings: construction on the historic environment: case study, Amini house, Qazvin, Iran. 2014, Politecnico di Torino.
48. Karimi, T., Urban Sustainable Development Solutions by Creating Dynamic Tourism Pedestrian Passage in Historical Textures (Case Study: Sepah Street in Qazvin). Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (CFD), 2015. 36(6).
49. Mitchell, M., An introduction to genetic algorithms. 1998: MIT press.
50. Tammam, M., et al., A multi-objective genetic algorithm based PID controller for load frequency control of power systems. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2013. 3(12): p. 463-467.
51. Mustafa Kia, S., Genetic Algorithms in Matlab. 2015: Kyan rayanh sabz.
52. Shastry, S., Spatial assessment of transit-oriented development in Ahmedabad, India. 2010, University of Twente. p. 1-105.
53. Hosseinali, F., A. Alesheikh, and F. Nourian, Agent-based Modeling of Urban Land-use Development, Case study: Simulating Future Scenarios of Qazvin City. Cities, 2012. 31.
54. Jabbari, M., F.P. da Fonseca, and R.A.R. Ramos, Assessing the Pedestrian Network Conditions in Two Cities: The Cases of Qazvin and Porto, in Urban Heritage Along the Silk Roads. 2020, Springer. p. 229-245.
55. Balling, R.J., et al., Multiobjective urban planning using genetic algorithm. Journal of urban planning and development, 1999. 125(2): p. 86-99.
56. Stewart, T.J., R. Janssen, and M. van Herwijnen, A genetic algorithm approach to multiobjective land use planning. Computers & Operations Research, 2004. 31(14): p. 2293-2313.