Response of Growth Indices of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) To Different Level of Deficit Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Journal of Crop Nutrition Science

دوره 6، شماره 2، شهریور 2020، صفحه 1-12   

نویسندگان

Masood Allaf^{* 1}؛ Lida Berahmandzadeh²

¹PhD Student of Agro Technology, Department of Crop Physiology, Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.

²PhD Student of Agro Technology, Department of Crop Physiology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran.

چکیده

BACKGROUND: Growth analysis is a suitable method for plant response to the different environmental conditions during crop life. Nitrogen is the most significant nutrient to improve yield and quality of sunflower seeds. It is an essential plant nutrient to stimulate plant growth and development and ultimately yield and quality.
OBJECTIVES: This research was conducted to assessment effect of different levels of irrigation regime and nitrogen fertilizer on growth curves traits of sunflower.
METHODS: Current study was carried out according split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The main factor included irrigation regime and nitrogen fertilizer (N₁: 50, N₂: 100 and N₃: 150 kg.ha^-1) belonged to sub factor.
RESULT: Evaluation comparison different level of irrigation regime indicated that maximum amount of studied traits (instead net assimilation rate) was noted for I1 treatment and minimum of that belonged to I₂ and I₃ treatment, respectively. Compare different level of nitrogen revealed the highest amount of total dry weight, leaf area index, crop growth rate was belonged to use 150 kg.ha^-1 nitrogen (N₃) and the lowest ones was found for 50 kg.ha^-1 nitrogen (N₁), but net assimilation rate had the reverse trend.
CONCLUSION: The results show apply low irrigation should be done in stages that have less impact on the final yield crop needs less water and less sensitivity at that stage, and nitrogen can also play a constructive role, but it is recommended to use less nitrogen under deficit irrigation. Although I₁ treatment had the superior amount of growth indices but under water limitation I₃ treatment can considered for producers.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Leaf area index؛ Oilseed؛ Physiological traits؛ Total dry weight؛ Urea

مراجع

Ali, H., M. Riaz, A. Zahoor. and S. Ahmad. 2011. Response of sunflower hybrids to management practices under irrigated arid-environment. Afr. J. Biotech. 10: 2666-2675.

Ali, A., A. Ahmad, T. Khaliq. and J. Akhtar. 2012a. Phenology and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids as affected by varying plant spacing under semi arid conditions of Sargodha, Punjab. Pak. J. Sci. 63: 98-102.

Ali, A., A. Ahmad, T. Khaliq. and J. Akhtar. 2012b. Phenology and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids as affected by varying plant spacing and nitrogen levels under semiarid conditions of Sargodha, Punjab. Pak. J. Sci. 64(2): 98-105.

Al-Thabet, S. S. 2006. Effect of plant spacing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). J. King Saud Univ. Agri. Sci. 19(1): 1-11.

Anzoua, K. G., K. Junichi, H. Toshihiro, I. Kazuto. and J. Yutaka. 2010. Genetic improvements for high yield and low soil nitrogen tolerance in rice (Oryza Sativa L.) under a cold environment. Field Crops Res. 116: 38-45.

Azarpour, E., M. Moraditochaee. and H. R. Bozorgi. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on growth analysis of rice cultivars. Intl. J. Bio-Sci. 4(5): 35-47.

Boomsma, C. R. and T. J. Vyn. 2008. Maize drought tolerance: Potential improvements through arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Field Crops Res. 108: 14–31.

Boudjabi, S., M. Kribaa. and H. Chenchouni. 2015. Growth, physiology and yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) treated with sewage sludge under water stress conditions. EXCLI J. 14: 320-334.

Buttery, B. R. 1970. Effect of variation in leaf area index on the growth of maize and soybean. Crop Sci. 10: 9-13.

Dwyer, L. M. and D. W. Stewart. 1986. Leaf area development in field-grown maize. Agron. J. 78: 334–343.

Enyi, B. A. C. 1962. Comparative growth rates of upland and swamp rice varieties. Ann. Bot. 26: 467-487.

Evci, G., Y. Kaya, V. Pekcan, S. Durak. and T. Kahraman. 2006. The determination of the effect of cover crop before Sunflower production on seed yield, the application of nitrogen rate and water content in the soil in Trakya Region. Trakya Univ. J. Sci. 7(1): 71–75.

FAO. 2014. Agricultural production year book. Rome. Italy. Available at: http://faostat3.fao.org.

Foroud, S. and M. J. Bohrani. 2000. Sunflower summer-planting yield as affected by plant population and nitrogen application rates. Iran Agri. Res. 19(1): 63-72.

Gardner, F., R. Pearce. and R. L. Mitchell. 1985. Physiology of crop plants. Iowa State Univ. Press. Ames. USA.

Gok, M., K. Dogan. and A. Coskan. 2006. Effects of divers organic substrat application on denitrification and soil respiration under different plant vegetation in Çukurova region. Intl. Sym. Water Land Manag. Sust. Irri. Agri. 4-8 April. 2006. Adana. Turkey.

Haj Hassani Asl, N., M. Morshedi, M. Ghaffari, A. Alizadeh. and A. Moradi Aqdam. 2008. Effect of drought stress and cut leaf on oil Sunflower growth indices. J. Res. Agron. Sci. 1(1): 13-29.

Hussain, S. S., F. A. Misger, A. Kumar. and M. H. Baba. 2011. Response of nitrogen and sulphur on biological and economic yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Res. J. Agri. Sci. 2(2): 308-310.

Imam, Y., S. Salimi Kochi. and A. Shokofa. 2009. The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and its components of wheat grain in irrigated and rainfed conditions. Iranian J. Field Crop Res. 7(1): 321-332. (Abstract in English)

Kadayifci, A. and O. Yildirim. 2000. The response of sunflower grain yield to water. Turk. J. Agri. For. 24: 137-145.

Karimian Klishadorkhi, M., A. R. Kochaki. and M. Nasiri Mahallati. 2009. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on light absorption and efficiency of two spring canola cultivars. Iranian J. Field Crop Res. 7(1): 163-172. (Abstract in English)

Karimi-Kakhaki, M. and A. Sepehri. 2011. Effect of deficit irrigation at reproductive growth stage on remobilization of dry matter in four sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) cultivars. Iranian J. Crop Sci. 12(4): 422-435.

Khodadadi Dehkordi, D., H. Kashkuli, A. Naderi. and S. A. Shamsnia. 2013. Evaluation of Superabsorbent super A 200 on three corn growth factors affected by drought stress in the spring and summer weather conditions in Khouzestan province. Adv. Environ. Biol. 7(6): 1064-1073.

Kolsarici, O., A. Gür, D. Basalma, M. D. Kaya. and N. Isler. 2005. Production of oily plants. TMMOB Board of Agricultural Engineering. Turkey Agriculture Engineering VI. Technical Cong. Proc. Book. Ankara. 1: 411- 415.

Koutroubas, S. D., D. K. Papacosta. and A. Doitsinis. 2008. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of safflower hybrids and open-pollinated varieties under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Res. 107: 56-61.

Moghimi, N. 2014. Effect of water stress and nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage corn. MSc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture. Shiraz University. Iran. (Abstract in English)

Mojaddam, M., A. R. Shokuhfar. and Sh. Lack. 2012. Effects of Water stress and different levels of nitrogen on growth analysis parameters of sunflower. J. Food, Agri. Environ. 10(1): 839-842.

Munir, A., S. Kaleem, A. Qayyum, M. Ahmad. and M. N. Abbas. 2012. Assimilate utilization wheat crop as influenced by varying nitrogen levels in rainfall area. Life Sci. Intl. J. 6(4): 2659-2662.

Munir, M., A. W. Jasra. and M. A. Mirza. 2007. Effects of feeding and management systems on body weight and reproductive performance of Balochiewes. Pak. Vet. J. 27(3): 126-128.

Namvar, A., T. Khandan. and M. Shojaei. 2012. Effects of bio and chemical nitrogen fertilizer on grain and oil yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under different rates of plant density. Annals Biol. Res. 3(2): 1125-1131.

Nasim, W., A. Ahmad, H. M. Hammad, H. J. Chaudhary. and M. F. H. Munis. 2012. Effect of nitrogen on growth and yield of sunflower under semi-arid condıtions of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot. 44(2): 639-648.

Ozer, H., T. Polat. and E. Ozturk. 2004. Response of irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to nitrogen fertilization: growth, yield and yield components. Plant Soil Environ. 50(5): 205-211.

Qoli Nejad, A. 2012. Evaluation of the effect of drought stress on agro physiological and morphological characteristics of sunflower in different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density at Uremia climatic conditions. Msc. Thesis. Khuzestan Sci. Res. Branch. Islamic Azad Univ. pp.168. (Abstract in English)

Rafiei, F., Sh. Shoaee. and A. Kashani. 2008. Investigation of seed yield and growth indices of sunflower at different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer. 10^th Iranian Cong. Agri. Plant Breed. Karaj. 28-30 August 2008. pp.248. (Abstract in English)

Rahimi, M. M., G. Nour Mohamadi, A. Aeinehband, I. Afshar. and G. Moafpourian. 2009. Effects of sowing time and different nitrogen levels on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Oil Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). J. Seed Plant Prod. 25(1): 79-91. (Abstract in English)

Rajput, A., S. R. Sujit. and J. Girish. 2017. Physiological parameters; LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR of different varieties of rice grown under different planting geometries and depths in SRI. Intl. J. Pure App. Bio-Sci. 5(1): 362-367.

Sharifi, R. S., Y. Raei. and W. Weisany. 2014. Study of physiological growth indices in maize (Zea maize L.) hybrids under different plant densities. Intl. J. Bio-Sci. 5(3): 100-109.

Sharifi, A., H. Madani, A. Mehraban, H. R. Mobser, D. Mazaheri. and M. R. Noorani. 2008. The effect of stopping irrigation at different stages on physiological parameters of sunflower. 10^th Iranian Cong. Agri. Plant Breed. Karaj. Iran. 28-30 August. pp. 247. (Abstract in English)

Shirani Rad. and A. Dehshiri. 2002. Investigation of the effect of planting date on yield and components of sunflower. J. Agri. Edu. Pub. Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Agricultural Res. Edu. Org. Pp. 3-110. (Abstract in English)

Shirkhani, A. and S. Nasrolahzadeh. 2016. Vermicompost and Azotobacter as an ecological pathway to decrease chemical fertilizers in the maize, Zea mays. Bio-Sci. Bio-Tech. Res. Comm. 9(3): 382-390.

Tarumingkeng, R. C. and Z. Coto. 2003. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of soybean. Kisman. Science Philosopy PPs 702. Term paper. Graduate School. Borgor Agri. Univ. (Institut Ppertanian Bogor).

Tesar, M. B. 1984. Physiological basis of crop growth and development. Am. Soc. Agron. Madison. Wisconsin. USA. pp: 291-321.

Thavaprakash, N. 2004. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels and ratıos on yield and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Agri. Sci. 24(3): 186-189.

Ullah, S., A. Muhammad. and S. M. Wazir. 2010. Effect of Hydropriming duration on growth and yield of maize landrace in Bannu, KPK, Pakistan. Pak. J. Pl. Sci. 16(2): 99-105.