Assess Effect of Different level of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Redistribution, Efficiency and Contribution of Redistribution and Current Photosynthesis of Wheat Genotypes

Journal of Crop Nutrition Science

دوره 6، شماره 3، آذر 2020، صفحه 49-61   

نویسنده

Fatemeh Torfi^{* 1، 2}

¹Msc. Graduated, Department of Agronomy, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

²Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده

BACKGROUND: Management of nutrients, especially nitrogen, in order to wheat economic production and maintain sustainable agriculture to provide food security, is considered to have an important priority. Fertilizer management plays an important role for obtaining satisfactory yields and increase crop productivity.
OBJECTIVES: This research was done to evaluate response of crop production and agrophysiological traits of wheat genotypes to apply different level of nitrogen fertilizer.
METHODS: Current study was conducted according split plots experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main factor included four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N₁=60, N₂=120, N₃=180, N₄=240 kg.ha^-1) and sub plots consisted four genotypes of Bread (V₁: S85-19 as line, V₂: Chamran) and Durum (V₃: Behrang, V₄: Dena) Wheat.
RESULT: According result of analysis of variance effect of different level of nitrogen fertilizer, genotypes and interaction effect of treatments on all studied traits was significant at 5% probability level. Evaluation mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits revealed the highest amount of seed yield (610 gr.m^-2), number of spike per square meter (1010), rate of redistribution (162.97 gr.m^-2), efficiency of redistribution (0.24 gr.gr^-1), contribution of redistribution (50.50%), rate of current photosynthesis (737.67 gr.m^-2), efficiency of current photosynthesis (0.95 gr.gr^-1) and contribution of current photosynthesis (83.50%) were noted for 180 kg.ha^-1 nitrogen fertilizer and Chamran genotype and lowest amount of mentioned traits belonged to nonuse of fertilizer and S-85-19 line treatments.
CONCLUSION: Finally according result of current study application 180 kg.ha^-1 nitrogen fertilizer and Chamran genotype had the maximum amount of studied traits and it can be advice to producers in studied region.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Durum؛ Nutrition؛ Physiology؛ Remobilization؛ Seed yield

مراجع

Abedi, T., A. Alemzadeh. and S. Abdolreza Kazemeini. 2011. Wheat yield and grain protein response to nitrogen amount and timing. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5(3): 330-336.

Abedi, T., A. Alemzadeh. and S. A.Kazemeini. 2010. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on grain yield and protein banding pattern of wheat. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 4: 384-389.

Ali, E. A. 2011. Impact of nitrogen application time on grain and protein yields as well as nitrogen use efficiency of some two-row barley cultivars in sandy soil. American-Eurasian J. Agri. Environ. Sci. 10: 425-433.

Araei, M., M. Mojaddam. and M. Soltani Hoveize. 2014. The effect of different levels of phosphorus chemical and biological fertilizers on distribution of dry matter and grain yield in maize single cross 704 in Ahvaz weather conditions. Bull. Environ. Pharmacol. Life Sci. 3(10): 89-94.

Bahrani, A., H. Heidari Sharif Abad, Z. Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Gh. Moafpourian. and A. Ayneh Band. 2011. Remobilization of dry matter in wheat: effects of nitrogen application and post-anthesis water deficit during grain filling. New Zealand J. Crop Horti. Sci. 39(4): 279-293.

Blum, A. 1998. Improving wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve mobilization. Euphytica J. 100: 77–83.

Cossani, C., G. A. MarianoSlafer. and. R. Savin. 2012. Nitrogen and water use efficiencies of wheat and barley under a Mediterranean environment in Catalonia. Field Crops Res. 128(14): 109-118.

Dauda, S. N., E. B. Amans, H. Mani. and R. A. Yahaya. 2015. Yield and yield components of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties response to nitrogen and phosphorus rate. Gashua Journal of Irrigation and Desertification Studies. 1(1-2): 57-68. In: Adelson, P. A., Mercelo, G .T .J. and Dejaio, L. A. 2000. Growth and yield of common bean varieties at two soil phosphorus level, under biological nitrogen fixation. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira. 35(4): 809-817.

Ehdaie, B., B. G. A. Alloush, M. A. Madore. and J. G. Waines. 2006. Genotypic variation for stem reserves and mobilization in wheat: I. Post-anthesis changes in internodes dry matter. Crop Sci. J. 46(2): 735-746.

Ehdaie, B. and D. G. Waines. 2001. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in bread and durum wheat. Field Crops Res. J. 73(1): 7-61.

Ercoli, L., L. Lulli, M. Mariotti, A. Masoni. and I. Arduini. 2008. Post-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen dynamics in durum wheat as affected by nitrogen supply and soil water availability. Eur. J. Agron. 28: 138-147.

Erman, M., S. Demir, E. Ocak, S. Tufenkci, F. Oguz. and A. Akkopru. 2011. Effects of Rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and whey applications on some properties in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions 1-Yield, yield com­ponents, nodulation and AMF colonization. Field Crops Res. 122(1): 14-24.

Farooqui, M. A., I. S. Naruka, S. S. Rathore, P. P. Singh. and R. P. S. Shaktawat. 2009. Effect of nitrogen and sulphur levels on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.). As. J. Food Ag. Ind. Special Issue. S: 18-23.

Flood, R. G., P. J. Martin. and W. K. Gardener. 1995. Dry matter accumulation and partitioning and its relationships to seed yield in wheat. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 35: 495-502.

Giambalwo, D., P. G. Ruisi. and G. Di-Miceli. 2010. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer recovery of durum wheat genotypes as affected by inter specific competition. Agron. J. 102: 707-715.

Golabadi, M., P. Golkar. and B. Bahari. 2015. Remobilization assay of dry matter from different shoot organs under drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agron. Res.J. 13(5): 1202–1214.

Good, A. G. and P. H. Beatty. 2011. Fertilizing Nature: A tragedy of excess in the commons. PLOS Biol. 9(8): 11- 24.

Kumar, A., B. Singh. and J. Sing. 2001. Response of macanip heat (T. durum) nitrogen. Phosphorus and sodic water on loamy-sand of southwest hiragana. Indian J. 46(1): 118-121.

Lincoln, T. and Z. Edvardo. 2006. Assimilation of mineral nutrition. In: Plant Physiology (4^th Edition), Sinaur Associates. Inc. Pub. Sunderland. 705 pp.

López-Bellido, L., R. J. López-Bellido, J. E. Castill. and F. J. López- Bellido. 2001. Effects of long-term tillage, crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization on bread-making quality of hard red spring wheat. Field Crops Res. 72: 197-210.

McKenzie, B. A. and G. D. Hill. 1995. Growth and yield of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties in Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Crop and Horti. Sci. 23: 467-474.

Modhej, A. and Sh. Lack. 2011. Effects of nitrogen rates on grain yield and grain growth of spring wheat genotypes under post-anthesis heat stress conditions. J. Adv. Environ. Biol. 5(9): 2570-2578.

Mohammadi,T., R. Nazaryan. and S. Kobraee. 2015. The response of chlorophyll and protein concentration in winter wheat to different levels of irrigation and nitrogen application. Int. J. Biol. Pharmacy and Allied Sci. 4(6): 3826-3833.

Mohan, S., M. Singh. and R. Kumar. 2015. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc fertilization on yield and quality of kharif fodder: A review. Agri. Rev. 36(3): 218-226.

Mosanaei, H., H. Ajamnorozi, M. R. Dadashi, A. Faraji. and M. Pessarakli. 2017. Improvement effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed deterioration and yield. Emir. J. Food Agric. 29(11): 899-910. In: Nourmohammadi, Gh., A. Siadat. and A. Kashani. 2010. Cereal Crops. Ninth Printing. Chamran University Press. Ahvaz. Iran. p. 48.

Naderi, A. 2001. Evaluation of genetic diversity and modeling of the potential for redistribution of assimilate and nitrogen to grain in wheat hybrids under water stress situation. PhD. Thesis. Islamic Azad University. Ahvaz Branch. 243 pp. (Abstract in English)

Naseri, R., A. Mirzaei, R. Soleimani. and E. Nazarbeygi. 2010. Response of bread wheat to nitrogen application in calcareous soils of western Iran. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 9(1): 79-85.

Nour-mohammadi, G. A., A. Siadat. and G. Fathi. 2001. Seed farming. Chamran Univ. Press. pp: 468.

Papakosta, D. K. and A. A. Gagianas. 1991. Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation, remobilization, and losses for Mediterranean wheat during grain filling. Agron. J. 83: 864–870.

Saeedin, Z. 2016. Evaluate effect of different level of micronutrient on seed yield of cowpea. 14^th Natl. Iranian Crop Sci. Cong. Gilan Univ. Rasht. Iran. (Abstract in English)

Salvagiotti, F., K. G. Cassman, J. E. Specht, D. T. Walters, A. Weiss. and A. Dobermann. 2008. Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to N in soybeans: A review. Field Crops Res. 108: 1-13.

Setter, T. L., W. K. Anderson, S. Asseng. and S. Barclay. 1998. Review of the impact of high shoot carbohydrate concentration on maintenance of high yields in cereals exposed to environmental stress during grain filling. CAB Abstract. 51, 23.

Shanggan, Z. P., A. Shao. and J. Dychmans. 2000. Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Environ. Exp. Bot. 44: 141-149.

Schneider, H. 1993. The role of carbohydrate storage and redistribution in the source-sink relation of wheat and barley during grain filling, a review. New Phytol. 123: 233-245.

Subedi, K. D., B. L. Ma. and A. G. Xue. 2007. Planting date and nitrogen effects on seed and protein response to nitrogen fertilizer. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Animal Husbandry. 16(80): 407-410.

Walley, F. L., S. K. Boahen, G. Hnatowich. and C. Stevenson. 2005. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertility management for desi and kabuli chickpea. Canadian Journal of Plant Sci. 85: 73-79.

Wang, Z., J. Fu, M. He, Q. Tian. and H. Cao. 1997. Effects of source: sink manipulation on net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic partitioning during grain filling in winter wheat. Biologia Plantarum. J. 39(3): 379-385.

Yang, J., Z. Jianhuo, W. Zhiqing, Z. Qingsen. and W. Wei. 2001. Remobilization of carbon reserves in response to water deficit during seed filling of rice. Field Crops Res. J. 71: 47-55.

Yang, J., J, Zhang, Z, Huang, Q, Zhu. and L. Wang. 2000. Remobilization of carbon reserves is improved by controlled soil-drying during grain filling of wheat. Crop Sci. J. 40(2): 1645-1655.